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Biology Flashcards
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Biology Flashcards
Biology Flashcards
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1
Question
What are loosely packed cells that are present in the lower half of the leaf?
Answer
These cells are known as spongy mesophyll. They are characterized by a loose arrangement that allows for gas exchange within the leaf.
2
Question
What molecule is broken down by sucrase?
Answer
Sucrase breaks down sucrose, which is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose.
3
Question
When fat is broken down, which portion enters the capillary network of the villi?
Answer
The portion that enters is known as glycerol and fatty acids, which are absorbed into the bloodstream through the capillaries in the villi.
4
Question
What is the smallest type of blood vessel?
Answer
The smallest type of blood vessel is a capillary.
5
Question
What polysaccharide is produced by animals and stored in the liver and muscle?
Answer
Glycogen is the polysaccharide produced by animals and is primarily stored in the liver and muscle tissues as a form of energy reserve.
6
Question
What part of a root is where growth occurs, which consists of two zones?
Answer
The root apical meristem is where growth occurs, and it includes the zone of cell division and the zone of elongation.
7
Question
What is the last part of the small intestine?
Answer
The last part of the small intestine is the ileum.
8
Question
What is the enzyme in DNA replication that splits the parent strand while building on the daughter strand?
Answer
The enzyme responsible for this action is DNA helicase, which unwinds the double helix for replication.
9
Question
What is used in DNA replication to unwind the DNA?
Answer
DNA helicase is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA during replication.
10
Question
What is a cell containing no membrane-bound organelles?
Answer
A prokaryotic cell is a type of cell that lacks membrane-bound organelles.
11
Question
What is the storage polysaccharide that is made in plants?
Answer
Starch is the storage polysaccharide synthesized by plants.
12
Question
What is the structural polysaccharide made in plants?
Answer
Cellulose is the structural polysaccharide created by plants, which provides rigidity to the plant cell walls.
13
Question
What is the site of exchange of gases and nutrients in the body?
Answer
The capillaries serve as the site of gas and nutrient exchange between blood and tissues.
14
Question
What is the scar on the side of a kidney bean where the pollen tube attached called?
Answer
The scar is referred to as the hilum.
15
Question
What is the scar on the side of a kidney bean where the stalk attached called?
Answer
This scar is known as the micropyle.
16
Question
What substance emulsifies fat?
Answer
Bile, which is produced by the liver, emulsifies fats in the digestive system.
17
Question
What enzyme is responsible for the splitting of DNA during replication?
Answer
DNA ligase is responsible for sealing gaps between Okazaki fragments after the primary splitting is done by helicase.
18
Question
What is the pairing of nucleotide bases in DNA?
Answer
Adenine pairs with thymine via two hydrogen bonds, and cytosine pairs with guanine via three hydrogen bonds.
19
Question
What happens to chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis?
Answer
During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis, forming a tetrad. This process allows for crossing over, where sections of chromatids are exchanged between homologous chromosomes, increasing genetic diversity.
20
Question
What is the sugar produced through photosynthesis?
Answer
The primary sugar produced through photosynthesis is glucose. During the process, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
21
Question
What are two structures that have a similar evolutionary origin but different functions?
Answer
Homologous structures are characteristics in different organisms that arise from a common ancestor but serve different functions, such as the forelimbs of mammals (wings of bats vs. flippers of whales).
22
Question
What are some correct names for sex cells?
Answer
Sex cells, also known as gametes, include sperm in males and eggs (ova) in females. They are haploid cells that combine during fertilization to form a diploid zygote.
23
Question
What is disruptive selection in the context of evolution?
Answer
Disruptive selection is a type of natural selection that favors extreme phenotypes at both ends of a spectrum and may lead to speciation if it continues over a long period, as those with intermediate traits are selected against.
24
Question
What are the large parts of the heart responsible for pumping blood called?
Answer
The large parts of the heart responsible for pumping blood are called ventricles. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
25
Question
What is spongy parenchyma?
Answer
Spongy parenchyma is a type of plant tissue found in leaves that is characterized by a loose arrangement of cells, providing space for gas exchange (like CO2 and O2) during photosynthesis.
26
Question
What is sucrose?
Answer
Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule. It is commonly known as table sugar and is used by plants to transport energy.
27
Question
What is glycerol?
Answer
Glycerol is a simple polyol compound that forms the backbone of triglycerides and phospholipids, serving as a key component of lipids within biological membranes.
28
Question
What are capillaries?
Answer
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body, serving as the site for nutrient and gas exchange between the blood and tissues due to their thin walls.
29
Question
What is glycogen?
Answer
Glycogen is a polysaccharide that serves as a form of energy storage in animals and fungi, primarily stored in the liver and muscle tissues.
30
Question
What is the apical meristem?
Answer
The apical meristem is a region of actively dividing cells located at the tips of roots and shoots in plants, responsible for primary growth and lengthening of the plant.