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Biology Basics
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Biology Basics
Biology Basics
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1
Question
What are the two main branches of biology?
Answer
Zoology - the study of animals. Botany - the study of plants.
2
Question
What is the origin of the word "Biology"?
Answer
The word "Biology" is derived from the Greek word "Bios" meaning life, and "logos" meaning to study.
3
Question
What is the scientific method?
Answer
A logical process of learning facts through observation and experimentation from which certain conclusions or theories are drawn.
4
Question
What are the steps of the scientific method?
Answer
1. Identification of the problem 2. Gathering of information 3. Formulation of hypothesis 4. Experimentation or testing 5. Analysis and interpretation 6. Generalization or conclusion.
5
Question
What is the cell concept according to Schleden, Schwann, and Virchow?
Answer
All organisms are made up of cells and these cells come from pre-existing cells.
6
Question
What does the theory of biogenesis state?
Answer
Life comes only from life.
7
Question
What is homeostasis?
Answer
The internal environment of an organism remains within a normal range.
8
Question
What does the theory of evolution or natural selection, proposed by Darwin, imply?
Answer
All living things have a common ancestor and are adapted to a particular way of life.
9
Question
What is the gene concept according to Mendel and others?
Answer
Organisms contain coded information that dictates their structure, function, and behavior.
10
Question
What is phylogenetics?
Answer
The genealogical relationships among groups of organisms.
11
Question
What is the common molecule all living organisms have?
Answer
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), known as the blueprint of life.
12
Question
What is metabolism?
Answer
The process by which an organism processes nutrients into the biochemical tools and structures needed to maintain a living state.
13
Question
What are the two distinct divisions of metabolism?
Answer
1. Anabolism - The process by which cells use energy and reducing power to construct complex molecules. 2. Catabolism - The process by which cells break down complex molecules to yield energy.
14
Question
What is growth in living organisms?
Answer
The result of taking in matter from the external environment and converting it into usable substance.
15
Question
What is reproduction?
Answer
The ability of living organisms to make copies of themselves to ensure the continuation of life.
16
Question
What are the two types of reproduction?
Answer
1. Asexual reproduction - One parent produces offspring that are essentially identical to the parent. 2. Sexual reproduction - Two parents join to produce a new organism.
17
Question
What are subatomic particles?
Answer
Protons (positive charge), Neutrons (neutral charge), Electrons (negative charge).
18
Question
What is an ionic bond?
Answer
A bond formed when the outer electrons of one atom transfer to another atom, creating charged ions.
19
Question
What is a covalent bond?
Answer
A bond formed when two atoms share one or more electrons.
20
Question
What is a molecule?
Answer
The smallest particle of a pure substance that retains its composition and chemical properties.
21
Question
What is an organelle?
Answer
A discrete structure of cells having specialized functions.
22
Question
What do cells form together?
Answer
Cells that perform similar functions form tissue.
23
Question
What do tissues form?
Answer
Tissues form organisms.
24
Question
What is the cycle of life?
Answer
Includes producers (Plants), consumers (Herbivores, Carnivores), and decomposers (Bacteria, fungi). Producers convert energy from the sun via photosynthesis.
25
Question
What is an element?
Answer
A substance that cannot be broken down and all organisms are made up of elements composed of atoms.
26
Question
Name examples of basic elements.
Answer
1. Oxygen 2. Hydrogen 3. Carbon 4. Nitrogen 5. Calcium.
27
Question
What are compounds?
Answer
When molecules of the same kind join together.
28
Question
What are organic compounds?
Answer
Compounds associated with life processes, such as storing energy and building proteins.
29
Question
What are carbohydrates?
Answer
Sources of energy and provide structural materials for some organisms, such as cellulose in plants.
30
Question
What are monosaccharides?
Answer
Single molecules of sugar known as simple sugars.