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CPI M1Flashcards
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CPI M1Flashcards
ENERGY.pdf Flashcards
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1
Question
What has led to a search for new energy sources for the future?
Answer
Increased worldwide consumption of energy.
2
Question
What are examples of fossil fuels?
Answer
Solid fuels, peat, partial oxidation of organic matter, lignite, coal, coke.
3
Question
What is fuel oil?
Answer
A liquid fuel that is a fraction of petroleum crude oil that cannot be converted economically into a higher priced product.
4
Question
Name some examples of gaseous fuels.
Answer
Natural and manufactured gases.
5
Question
What are some examples of renewable energy sources?
Answer
Hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, wind power plants.
6
Question
Name some non-renewable energy sources.
Answer
Coal, diesel, natural gas, oil, nuclear.
7
Question
What is cogeneration?
Answer
The production of electricity and useful heat simultaneously from the same fuel source, such as in boilers or combustion.
8
Question
What is the process that produces electric power from steam?
Answer
Combustion.
9
Question
What are the different types of energy sources mentioned in the text?
Answer
Nuclear energy, Hydroelectric energy, Biomass, Geothermal Energy, Wave and Tidal energy, Fuel cells, Solid waste energy, Biogas, Solar energy, Ethanol from Biomass, Vegetable oils, Ocean thermal
10
Question
Describe the process of generating electricity using hydroelectric energy.
Answer
To make electricity using hydroelectric energy, water is held in a reservoir behind the dam. The water intake is close to the control gates, and when the gates open, the water rushes through the penstock to turn the turbine. After that, the water flows into the river through the outflow. The turbine spins the generator, producing electricity that goes to the transformer in the powerhouse. The transformer converts the electricity into a usable form, which then travels through power lines to homes and businesses.
11
Question
What is important for building a dam to generate hydroelectric energy?
Answer
A suitable location with valleys and rivers is essential for building a dam. The land cannot be flat as it is necessary for constructing the dam. Countries like Canada, USA, the former USSR, Brazil, China, Norway, Japan, Sweden, India, and France utilize hydroelectric energy with varying capacities in billions of kilowatts annually.
12
Question
What are the advantages of using hydroelectric energy mentioned in the text?
Answer
The advantages of using hydroelectric energy include its renewability, cleanliness, non-polluting nature, and its ability to prevent floods. Some dams not only generate electricity but also help in flood prevention.
13
Question
What are the disadvantages of using hydroelectric energy as stated in the text?
Answer
The disadvantages of hydroelectric energy include potential harm to species living in the area, destruction of the land around the dam, and the risk of turbines causing harm to fish.
14
Question
What are the two types of anion exchange resins?
Answer
Two types: highly basic or weakly basic
15
Question
What types of acids can both highly basic and weakly basic anion exchange resins remove?
Answer
Both can remove strongly ionized acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or nitric acid
16
Question
What types of acids can only strongly basic anion exchange resins remove?
Answer
Only strongly basic resins can remove weakly ionized acids such as silicic acid and carbonic acid
17
Question
What are the types of phosphates used in phosphate conditioning for water treatment?
Answer
Orthophosphates such as trisodium phosphate and complex phosphates such as sodium hexametaphosphate
18
Question
How is silica removed in water treatment processes?
Answer
Silica is not removed by hydrogen cation exchange or sodium zeolites exchange. It is partially removed in the lime soda process and can be removed by dolomitic lime or activated magnesia
19
Question
What are the chemicals used in water purification to produce potable and safe water?
Answer
Chloramine, ozone, chlorine dioxide
20
Question
What are the three methods of wastewater treatment?
Answer
Primary or physical treatment, secondary or biological treatment, tertiary method
21
Question
What are some general principles that may be applied to the solution specific to each industry?
Answer
Increasing reuse of wastewater, control of pollution, recovery of by-products at their source, lessening the expense of treatment, lagooning, and keeping pollution at a minimum level to save in neutralization costs.
22
Question
Why is choosing the location of a chemical plant based on the quality and quantity of available water important?
Answer
The quality and quantity of available water are important factors because surface and groundwater should be considered. Groundwater is usually more suitable for cooling purposes as temperatures are nearly constant, but it is generally harder and may cause scaling.
23
Question
How is hardness of water usually expressed?
Answer
Hardness of water is usually expressed in terms of the dissolved calcium and magnesium salts calculated as equivalent calcium carbonate, which give insoluble precipitates with soap and can form clogging scale with low thermal conductivity in boilers.
24
Question
What are some methods of water conditioning mentioned in the text?
Answer
Softening, purification, clarification, ion exchange, cation exchange, and anion exchange are mentioned as methods of water conditioning in the text.