Anesthesia ke liye dil ki physiology ki ahmiyat.
Axons aur cardiac muscles ke darmiyan action potential ka farq.
Anesthetic agents kaise dil ki harkat ko mutasir karte hain.
Cardiac index aur ejection fraction ki paimaish.
Endocardium aur failing heart ki kamzoriyan.
Systemic aur pulmonary circulation ka nizam.
Sabaq ka ikhtetami khulasa.