Introduction to the fundamental unit of matter and the journey from early ideas to modern atomic theory.
How Rutherford's alpha-particle scattering experiment revealed the existence of a small, dense nucleus.
Niels Bohr's introduction of quantized energy levels and the mathematical foundation of stable orbits.
Moving from fixed orbits to the probabilistic nature of electron clouds and wave-particle duality.
Distinguishing between isotopes and isobars through the lens of atomic and mass numbers.
Recap of the evolution of atomic understanding and the significance of the modern model.