Open the lecture on Ilmul Saidla: the path from crude drug handling to clinical dosing.

Define hospital pharmacy operations versus patient-centered clinical pharmacy after 1960s safety crises.

Posology and the biological and environmental factors that make dose anything but fixed.

Apply Young’s, Dilling’s, and Fried’s formulas to scale adult doses for children and infants.

Seasonal collection, natural and artificial drying, and safe preservation of crude drugs.

Granulation equipment and hard versus soft gelatin capsules on modern filling lines.

Control store costs with ABC analysis and clinical priority with VED, EOQ, and buffer stock.

Menstruum and marc through decoction, infusion, percolation, and Soxhlet extraction.