Antibodies & Antigens: Structure, CDRs, and Isotypes
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What antibodies solve
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Antibodies as diverse, specific mediators of humoral immunity against foreign antigens.
Heavy and light chain architecture
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Symmetric Y of two heavy and two light chains, V vs C regions, and Ig domains.
Fab, Fc, and the hinge
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Papain and pepsin fragments separate antigen binding from effector function; the hinge flexes the arms.
CDRs and specificity
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Six hypervariable loops form the antigen-binding surface while the Ig fold stays conserved.
Isotypes and membrane vs secreted forms
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IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, IgE; isotype switching; avidity, FcRn, and mucosal IgA.