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Introductory Concepts on Man and Society
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What are the three natural inclinations of the human person according to St. Thomas Aquinas?
1. Self-Preservation 2. Propagation of Species 3. Just Dealings with Others
What defines a man as a person according to St. Thomas Aquinas?
An individual substance endowed with knowledge, freedom and voluntariness.
In what ways is man described as social according to St. Thomas Aquinas?
He exists in multiple layers of relationships: Family, Church, State, Broader Human Communities.
What is the political nature of man according to St. Thomas Aquinas?
The state is natural to man and is basically good, towards which man is called to be happy and fulfilled.
What is Justice according to St. Thomas Aquinas?
A habit whereby a person with a lasting and perpetual will renders to each his due.
What are the three properties of Justice?
1. Otherness - Justice is always directed to another person. 2. Indebtedness - Demand of justice to give back what belongs to others. 3. Equality - To give proportionately what is due, neither more nor less.
What is Distributive Justice?
Directs relationship of society to the individual according to proportionate equality.
What is Commutative Justice?
Directs relationship between individuals, also known as compensatory contractual justice, regulated by private rights of contracts and demands; exchanges between persons must be of equal value.
What is Legal Justice?
The relationship of the individual person to society, wherein the object is the common good, which is above personal good, carried out by citizens in obedience to just laws, enforced by civil authorities, and established by laws through which leaders direct citizens towards the achievement of the common good.
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