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What were the Black Codes?
Laws enacted by Southern states after the Civil War to restrict the rights and freedoms of African Americans.
What was the purpose of the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
To counter the effects of the Black Codes and ensure equal rights for African Americans.
What was the Sharecropping system after the Civil War?
Agricultural labor system in the South where freedmen and poor whites rented land and paid with a share of their crops, often leading to cycles of debt and poverty.
What did the 14th Amendment guarantee?
Citizenship and equal protection under the law to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, including former slaves.
What was the Industrial Revolution characterized by?
Shift from agrarian and handicraft-based economies to ones dominated by industry and machine manufacturing.
What was the Market Revolution in the US marked by?
Increase in manufacturing and the development of a national market economy.
Who invented the Cotton Gin and what impact did it have?
Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793, it revolutionized the cotton industry by speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber, leading to increased production and expansion of slavery in the Southern US.
What was Manifest Destiny in the 19th century?
Belief in the expansion of the United States across North America as justified and inevitable.
What was the Mexican-American War and its outcome?
Conflict between the US and Mexico from 1846 to 1848, resulting in the cession of territories in the Southwest, including present-day California, Nevada, and Utah, to the United States.
What is sectionalism and its impact in the antebellum United States?
Loyalty or support for a particular region of the country, leading to political tensions and conflict, particularly evident between the North, South, and West.
What was the goal of the Abolitionism movement in the 19th century?
To end slavery, led by figures like Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and William Lloyd Garrison.
Where was the Seneca Falls Convention held, and what was its significance?
Held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848, it was a landmark women's rights convention where the Declaration of Sentiments was drafted, calling for women's suffrage and other rights.
What was the Compromise of 1850 and what did it entail?
Package of legislation passed by Congress to settle issues from the Mexican-American War, including the admission of California as a free state and the Fugitive Slave Act.
What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act allow in 1854?
Allowed the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide the issue of slavery through popular sovereignty, leading to violent conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces in Kansas.
What was the significance of the Dred Scott v. Sandford Supreme Court case in 1857?
Ruled that African Americans, whether enslaved or free, could not be considered American citizens and that Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in the territories.
What was John Brown's Raid, and where did it take place?
Failed attempt by abolitionist John Brown to initiate a slave revolt by seizing the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia) in 1859, heightening tensions between North and South.
When was the Republican Party founded, and what was its stance on slavery?
Founded in the 1850s as an anti-slavery coalition, becoming the principal opposition to the Democratic Party in the lead-up to the Civil War.
Who won the Election of 1860, and what were the consequences of the outcome?
Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln won, leading to the secession of Southern states and the onset of the Civil War.
What was the significance of the Emancipation Proclamation issued in 1863?
Declared all enslaved people in Confederate-held territory to be free, although it did not immediately free all enslaved people.
Where was the Gettysburg Address delivered, and what were its key themes?
Delivered by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863 at the Soldiers National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, emphasizing the principles of equality and freedom.
What was Reconstruction after the Civil War aimed at achieving?
Rebuilding the South and integrating newly freed African Americans into society, marked by federal intervention, political struggle, and social change.
What principles are emphasized at the National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania?
Equality and freedom
What was the Reconstruction period following the Civil War aimed at?
Rebuilding the South and integrating newly freed African Americans into society
What were Black Codes enacted by Southern states after the Civil War?
Laws to restrict the rights and freedoms of African Americans
What legislation was passed in response to the Black Codes?
Civil Rights Act of 1866 and other Reconstruction-era legislation
What is sharecropping?
System of agricultural labor in the South after the Civil War where freedmen and poor whites rented land and paid with a share of their crops
What amendment was ratified in 1868 guaranteeing citizenship and equal protection under the law to all persons born or naturalized in the United States?
14th Amendment
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Prepare for history exams with flashcards covering key topics: Black Codes, Civil Rights Act, sharecropping, and more.
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