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Pt.1 Urinary System: Understanding the Processes and Mechanics of Kidney Filtration
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Pt.1 Urinary System: Understanding the Processes and Mechanics of Kidney Filtration
Flashcard Deck
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1
Question
What are the three processes performed by each nephron in the kidney?
Answer
1. Glomerular filtration 2. Tubular reabsorption 3. Tubular secretion
2
Question
What is the function of glomerular filtration in the nephron?
Answer
Filters water and solutes from blood into a filtrate
3
Question
What is the function of tubular reabsorption in the nephron?
Answer
Returns water and some solutes from filtrate back to blood
4
Question
What is the function of tubular secretion in the nephron?
Answer
Removes waste products from blood and adds them to filtrate
5
Question
What is the glomerulus in the kidney?
Answer
A network of capillaries
6
Question
What surrounds the glomerulus in the kidney?
Answer
Glomerular capsule
7
Question
Where does the filtrate collect in the kidney?
Answer
Capsular space
8
Question
What is the function of the afferent arteriole in the kidney?
Answer
Delivers blood to the glomerulus
9
Question
What is the function of the efferent arteriole in the kidney?
Answer
Drains blood from the glomerulus
10
Question
What is the main driver of filtration in the kidney and what is its average pressure?
Answer
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP), averaging 55 mmHg
11
Question
What is the average pressure of capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP) in the kidney?
Answer
15 mmHg
12
Question
What is the average pressure of glomerular osmotic pressure (GOP) in the kidney?
Answer
30 mmHg
13
Question
How is net filtration pressure (NFP) calculated in the kidney?
Answer
By subtracting capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP) and glomerular osmotic pressure (GOP) from glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)
14
Question
What does a positive net filtration pressure (NFP) indicate in the kidney?
Answer
Filtration occurs
15
Question
What does a net filtration pressure (NFP) of zero or below indicate in the kidney?
Answer
Filtration ceases
16
Question
What force is affected in an individual with hypertension, and how does it change?
Answer
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP) increases from 55 mmHg to 65 mmHg
17
Question
What force is affected in an individual with liver disease, and how does it change?
Answer
Glomerular osmotic pressure (GOP) decreases from 30 mmHg to 25 mmHg
18
Question
What force is affected in an individual with hypertension?
Answer
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP) is affected. It increases from 55 mmHg to 65 mmHg, leading to an increase in GFR as well.
19
Question
What force is affected in an individual with liver disease?
Answer
Glomerular osmotic pressure (GOP) is affected. It decreases from 30 mmHg to 25 mmHg due to liver disease, causing an increase in net filtration pressure and GFR.
20
Question
What force is affected in an individual with urinary tract obstruction?
Answer
Capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP) is affected. It increases from 15 mmHg to 20 mmHg, resulting in a reduction in net filtration pressure and GFR.
21
Question
What is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
Answer
The rate at which the kidneys produce filtrate, measured per minute. It reflects how quickly blood is cleansed.
22
Question
What is the normal GFR level?
Answer
Around 125 ml/minute, which is equivalent to half a cup.
23
Question
What is Glomerular Hydrostatic Pressure (GHP)?
Answer
The pressure within glomerular capillaries that drives filtration.
24
Question
What is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?
Answer
The average pressure throughout the arterial system.
25
Question
How does the body regulate GFR by adjusting blood flow to the glomerulus?
Answer
By changing the diameter of the afferent arteriole, the incoming vessel.
26
Question
What is the Myogenic Mechanism in regulating GFR?
Answer
It responds to stretch. When blood pressure increases, the afferent arteriole constricts to prevent excessive GFR. When blood pressure decreases, the arteriole dilates to maintain GFR.
27
Question
What is Tubuloglomerular Feedback in regulating GFR?
Answer
It responds to sodium levels. The macula densa senses sodium concentration in the filtrate and signals the afferent arteriole to constrict or dilate, depending on GFR levels.
28
Question
How do the Myogenic and Tubuloglomerular Feedback mechanisms work together to maintain GFR?
Answer
They work in tandem to ensure GFR remains within a range of 80-180 mmHg MAP.
29
Question
What happens to the afferent arteriole during activities such as running?
Answer
The arteriole vasoconstricts reflexively to maintain GFR.
30
Question
What happens to the afferent arteriole during activities such as napping?
Answer
The arteriole vasodilates to maintain GFR.