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Plant & Animal Tissues
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What is tissue?
Tissue is a group of cells having similar structure and function.
What are the four types of animal tissues?
1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscle 4. Nervous
What types of epithelial tissue are there?
1. Simple Cuboidal 2. Simple Columnar 3. Simple Squamous 4. Stratified Squamous 5. Stratified Cuboidal 6. Stratified Columnar 7. Pseudostratified Columnar
What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?
Epithelial tissue is made of tightly joined closely packed cells. It covers the outside of the body and lines the internal organs and cavities. It acts as a barrier against mechanical injury, invasive microorganisms, and fluid loss, and provides a surface for absorption, excretion, and transport of molecules.
Where can epithelial tissues be found?
Epithelial tissues can be found in different areas, including body coverings, body linings, and glandular tissue.
What are the functions of epithelial tissues?
The functions of epithelial tissues include protection, absorption, filtration, and secretion.
How is epithelium classified?
Epithelium is classified by the number of cell layers (simple - one layer, stratified - more than one layer) and by the shape of cells (squamous - flattened, cuboidal - cube shaped, columnar - column like).
Describe simple cuboidal epithelium.
Simple cuboidal epithelium consists of a single layer of cube-like cells. It is common in glands and their ducts, forms walls of kidney tubules, and covers the ovaries.
Describe simple columnar epithelium.
Simple columnar epithelium consists of a single layer of tall cells and often includes goblet cells which produce mucus. It lines the digestive tract.
Describe simple squamous epithelium.
Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of flat cells. It usually forms membranes and lines body cavities, lungs, and capillaries.
Describe stratified squamous epithelium.
Stratified squamous epithelium lines the esophagus, mouth, and vagina, and protects against abrasion.
Describe stratified cuboidal epithelium.
Stratified cuboidal epithelium consists of multiple layers of cuboidal cells found in sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, ovarian follicles, and seminiferous tubules of the testes.
Describe stratified columnar epithelium.
Stratified columnar epithelium consists of multiple layers of columnar cells found in the conjunctiva of the eye, parts of the pharynx, anus, uterus, male urethra, and vas deferens.
Describe pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium consists of a single layer of cells for lining the respiratory tract, usually lined with cilia. It often looks like a double cell layer and may function in absorption or secretion.
What are the types of connective tissue?
1. Blood 2. Bone 3. Cartilage 4. Connective Tissue Proper (CTP)
What are meristematic tissues?
Meristematic tissues are found in the growing regions of the plant, like the tips of roots, stems, and branches. They divide continuously and help in the growth of the plant.
What are the three types of meristematic tissues?
The three types of meristematic tissues are Apical meristematic tissues, Lateral meristematic tissues, and Intercalary meristematic tissues.
Where are apical meristematic tissues located and what is their function?
Apical meristematic tissues are present in the tips of stems and roots. They help in the growth of stems and roots.
Where are lateral meristematic tissues located and what is their function?
Lateral meristematic tissues are present in the sides of stems and roots. They help to increase the girth of the stems and roots.
Where are intercalary meristematic tissues located and what is their function?
Intercalary meristematic tissues are present at the base of leaves and internodes. They help in the growth of those parts.
What are permanent tissues?
Permanent tissues are formed from meristematic tissues. They do not divide and have a permanent shape and size.
What are the two main types of permanent tissues?
The two main types of permanent tissues are Simple permanent tissues and Complex permanent tissues.
What are simple permanent tissues and what are their types?
Simple permanent tissues are made up of one type of cells. They are of three types: Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma.
Describe Parenchyma tissue. What are its functions?
Parenchyma is made up of loosely packed, thin-walled cells having more intercellular spaces. It contains chloroplasts and prepares food by photosynthesis. It has large air cavities which help the plant to float on water and store water and minerals.
Describe Collenchyma tissue. What are its functions?
Collenchyma has less intercellular spaces and is thicker at the corners. It provides flexibility and allows easy bending of different parts like stems and leaves, giving mechanical support to the plant.
Describe Sclerenchyma tissue. What are its characteristics?
Sclerenchyma consists of long, narrow, dead, thick-walled cells. The cell walls contain lignin, a chemical substance which acts like cement and hardens them.
What are complex permanent tissues made of and what are their types?
Complex permanent tissues are made up of more than one type of cell. There are two types of complex tissues: Xylem and Phloem.
What is the function of Xylem?
Xylem consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibers. Tracheids and vessels help to transport water and minerals from roots to all parts of the plant.
What is the function of Phloem?
Phloem consists of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibers. The sieve tubes and companion cells transport food from leaves to all parts of the plant.
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Learn about plant and animal tissues, their types, functions, and characteristics.
Biology
Plant Biology
Animal Biology
Tissues
Cell Biology
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