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MIDTERMS
Hepatitis
Study
What family does Hepatitis A belong to?
Picornaviridae
What is the main objective of the activity described in the text?
Demonstrate specimen preparation, perform method in detecting HBsAg using immunochromatography, and analyze test results with clinical signs and symptoms.
What are the primary causative agents of hepatitis discussed in the text?
Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites
What factors can cause hepatitis according to Sir Fortuny in the text?
Chronic alcoholism, excessive intake of alcohol, toxins, drugs (such as Paracetamol), radiation
What are the initial laboratory findings in viral hepatitis described in the text?
Elevations in bilirubin and liver enzymes, hepatomegaly, tenderness, jaundice, dark urine, light feces
What specific serological or molecular tests are recommended to identify the cause of hepatitis definitively?
Specific serological or molecular tests
What specific tests must be followed to identify the cause of liver inflammation more definitively?
Specific serological or molecular tests
What are the possible clinical symptoms of liver inflammation?
Liver infection, Hepatomegaly, Tenderness, Jaundice, Dark urine, Light feces
What are the initial laboratory findings that typically indicate liver inflammation?
Elevations in bilirubin, Total direct bilirubin, Total indirect bilirubin, Delta bilirubin
How can a medical technologist detect the origin of increased bilirubin levels?
Based on the different values of total direct, total indirect, and delta bilirubin
What are the notable liver enzymes associated with viral hepatitis?
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
What condition causes an increase in the level of bilirubin and liver enzymes?
Viral hepatitis
What is the transmission route of Hepatitis A?
Fecal-oral route, person-to-person contact, sexual contact, ingestion of contaminated food or water
What is the incubation period for Hepatitis A?
20-50 days, average of 28 days
What are the clinical symptoms of Hepatitis A?
Fatigue, Nausea, Vomiting, Fever, Chills, Jaundice, Skin discoloration, Pain felt at the upper right back, Dark urine, Light-colored stool
PPD Skin Test
Study
What should be avoided after injection?
Exposure to soap and water, scratching, rubbing, or touching, and PPD solution must not enter the subcutaneous gland
How many hours after you read the result?
72 hours
What does PPD stand for in the context of the skin test?
Purified Protein Derivative
What does a Purified Protein Derivative Skin Test determine in a patient?
If the patient has Tuberculosis (TB)
What is TB, and what causes it?
TB is a serious infection usually of the lungs caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis
How does TB spread from person to person?
TB spreads when you breathe in the air exhaled by a person infected with TB
How contagious is TB?
TB is a highly contagious disease
According to the World Health Organization, where does TB rank in terms of global mortality?
TB is second only to HIV and AIDS as the greatest global killer
Where can TB develop in the body?
TB can develop in different parts of the body
How is Mycobacterium tuberculosis mainly transferred in the human population?
By respiratory route
How can T cells be sensitized to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?
Through skin tests such as PPD (purified protein derivative) skin test
When can the reaction to PPD skin test be seen after the injection?
The reaction can be seen after 12-48 hours
What is the characteristic reaction seen at the site of injection in a PPD skin test?
Induration and swelling
What is the redness appearing around the injected part called in a PPD skin test?
Erythema
How is the result of a PPD skin test interpreted based on the area of induration?
10 mm and more: Reactive; 5 to 9 mm: Intermediate; Less than 5 mm: Non-reactive
Scholarly Assistant's Insights
A comprehensive guide on Hepatitis and PPD Skin Test flashcards for medical technologists.
Midterms
Hepatitis
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
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