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Muscle Tissue Overview
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Muscle Tissue Overview
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What is the basic tissue type of muscle tissue?
Muscle tissue is the 4th basic tissue type.
What is contractility in relation to muscle cells?
Contractility is a universal cell property of muscle cells.
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
1. Skeletal Muscle: multinucleated cells with cross-striations, quick, forceful, and voluntary. 2. Cardiac Muscle: elongated, branched cells with cross-striations, bound to intercalated discs, vigorous, rhythmic, and involuntary. 3. Smooth Muscle: fusiform cells without striations, slow and involuntary.
What is the origin of muscle cells?
Muscle cells have a mesodermal origin.
What is the sliding interaction in muscle contractions?
The sliding interaction involves thick myosin filaments sliding along thin actin filaments.
What provides energy for the sliding interaction in muscle contractions?
Energy for sliding comes from other proteins affecting the weak interactions in the bridges between actin and myosin.
What is sarcoplasm?
Sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of muscle cells.
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a smooth endoplasmic reticulum found in muscle cells.
What is the sarcolemma?
Sarcolemma is the muscle cell membrane and external lamina.
What is muscle hypertrophy?
Muscle hypertrophy is the size increase in muscle fibers.
What factors influence muscle hypertrophy?
Location of muscle, age, gender, nutritional status, and physical training.
What is hyperplasia in muscle cells?
Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of cells, particularly in smooth muscles.
What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle fibers?
Skeletal muscle fibers are long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells.
What is the role of satellite cells in skeletal muscle?
Satellite cells are reserve progenitor cells adjacent to skeletal muscle.
What is the epimysium?
The epimysium is the external sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle.
What is a fascicle in muscle tissue?
A fascicle is a bundle of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium.
What is the endomysium?
The endomysium is a delicate layer of reticular fibers that surrounds individual muscle fibers.
What are myotendinous junctions?
Myotendinous junctions are where the tendon and all three supporting layers meet and join muscle to bone, skin, or another muscle.
What are myofibrils?
Myofibrils are long cylindrical filament bundles that run parallel to the long axis of the skeletal muscle fiber.
What are A bands and I bands in muscle fibers?
A bands are dark bands on the myofibrils (anisotropic), while I bands are light bands (isotropic) on the myofibrils.
What is the sarcomere?
The sarcomere is the contractile apparatus of a skeletal muscle fiber that extends from Z disc to Z disc.
What is the function of titin in muscle fibers?
Titin is the largest protein in the body, has scaffolding and elastic properties, and supports thick myofilaments connecting them to the Z disc.
What is the role of troponin and tropomyosin in muscle contraction?
Troponin regulates actin-myosin interaction while tropomyosin blocks myosin-binding sites on actin filaments.
What happens to myosin heads in a resting muscle?
In a resting muscle, myosin heads cannot bind actin because binding sites are blocked by the troponin-tropomyosin complex.
What initiates muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction?
Contraction is induced when an action potential arrives at the neuromuscular junction.
What is rigor mortis?
Rigor mortis is the rigidity of skeletal muscles that occurs after death due to the absence of ATP stabilizing actin-myosin crossbridges.
What are proprioceptors?
Proprioceptors are sensory receptors that provide the CNS with data from the musculoskeletal system.
What are the three major types of skeletal muscle fibers?
1. Slow oxidative 2. Fast glycolytic 3. Fast oxidative-glycolytic.
What characterizes slow oxidative muscle fibers?
Slow oxidative fibers are adapted for slow contractions, have many mitochondria, many capillaries, high levels of myoglobin, and are dark or red in color.
What characterizes fast glycolytic muscle fibers?
Fast glycolytic fibers are specialized for rapid, short-term contractions, have few mitochondria, few capillaries, are white in color, and experience rapid fatigue.
What characterizes fast oxidative-glycolytic muscle fibers?
Fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers have physiological and histological features intermediate between slow oxidative and fast glycolytic fibers.
Scholarly Assistant's Insights
Learn about muscle tissue types, their structures, functions, and contraction processes.
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