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Flashcard Deck
3 Flashcard Decks
Untitled Flashcards
Study
What is the defense mechanism described as overachievement in one area to offset deficiencies in another area?
Compensation
What is the term for the defense mechanism where a diminutive man becomes emperor to compensate for his height?
Napoleon complex
In denial, what is the individual failing to acknowledge or admit?
Unbearable condition or reality of a situation
Which defense mechanism involves expressing emotional conflicts through physical symptoms?
Conversion
What is the term for ventilating intense feelings towards less threatening persons?
Displacement
What is the term for expressing an emotional conflict through the development of a physical symptom, usually sensorimotor in nature?
Conversion
Give an example of conversion as a defense mechanism.
A teenager forbidden to see X-rated movies is tempted to do so by friends and develops blindness, being unconcerned about the loss of sight.
What defense mechanism involves failure to acknowledge an unbearable condition or the reality of a situation?
Denial
Provide an example of denial as a defense mechanism.
A diabetic person eating chocolate candy despite knowing it is harmful for their health.
Which defense mechanism involves ventilating intense feelings towards persons less threatening than the one who aroused those feelings?
Displacement
Give an example of displacement as a defense mechanism.
A person who is mad at their boss yells at their spouse instead.
What defense mechanism involves dealing with emotional conflict by temporarily altering consciousness or identity?
Dissociation
Provide an example of dissociation as a defense mechanism.
An adult who remembers nothing of childhood sexual abuse.
What is the term for immobilization of a portion of the personality due to unsuccessful completion of tasks in a developmental stage?
Fixation
Give an example of fixation as a defense mechanism.
Never learning to delay gratification, leading to impulsive behaviors in adulthood.
Which defense mechanism involves modeling actions and opinions of influential others while searching for identity?
Identification
Provide an example of identification as a defense mechanism.
A nursing student becoming a critical care nurse because it is the specialty of an instructor she admires.
What defense mechanism involves separating emotions from facts in a painful event or situation?
Intellectualization
Give an example of intellectualization as a defense mechanism.
Acknowledging the facts of a situation, such as a serious illness, but not expressing or dealing with the emotional impact.
Fixation
Immobilization of a portion of the personality resulting from unsuccessful completion of tasks in a developmental stage
Delay of gratification
Never learning to delay gratification
Identification
Modeling actions and opinions of influential others while searching for identity or aspiring to reach a personal social or occupational goal
Intellectualization
Separation of the emotions of a painful event or situation from the facts involved, acknowledging the facts but not the emotions
Introjection
Accepting another person's attitudes, beliefs, and values as one's own
Projection
Unconscious blaming of unacceptable inclinations or thoughts on an external object
Rationalization
Excusing own behavior to avoid guilt, responsibility, conflict, anxiety, or loss of self-respect
Reaction formation
Acting the opposite of what one thinks or feels
Regression
Moving back to a previous developmental stage
thought about same-gender sexual relationship but never had one beats a man who is gay
Reaction formation - Acting the opposite of what one thinks or feels
Person with many prejudices loudly identifies others as bigots
Projection - Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings onto others
Rationalization - Excusing own behavior to avoid guilt, responsibility, conflict, anxiety, or loss of self-respect
Rationalization - Excusing own behavior to avoid guilt, responsibility, conflict, anxiety, or loss of self-respect
Student blames failure on teacher being mean
Projection - Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings onto others
Man says he beats his wife because she does not listen to him
Rationalization - Excusing own behavior to avoid guilt, responsibility, conflict, anxiety, or loss of self-respect
Woman who never wanted to have children becomes a supermom
Reaction formation - Acting the opposite of what one thinks or feels
Person who despises the boss tells everyone what a great boss she is
Reaction formation - Acting the opposite of what one thinks or feels
Regression - Moving back to a previous developmental stage to feel safe or have needs met
Regression - Moving back to a previous developmental stage to feel safe or have needs met
A 5-year-old asks for a bottle when new baby brother is being fed
Regression - Moving back to a previous developmental stage to feel safe or have needs met
Man pouts like a 4-year-old if he is not the center of his girlfriend's attention
Regression - Moving back to a previous developmental stage to feel safe or have needs met
Repression - Excluding emotionally painful or anxiety-provoking thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness
Repression - Excluding emotionally painful or anxiety-provoking thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness
Woman has no memory of the mugging she suffered yesterday
Repression - Excluding emotionally painful or anxiety-provoking thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness
Woman has no memory before age 7 when she was removed from abusive parents
Repression - Excluding emotionally painful or anxiety-provoking thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness
Resistance - Overt or covert antagonism toward remembering or processing anxiety-producing information
Resistance - Overt or covert antagonism toward remembering or processing anxiety-producing information
Nurse is too busy with tasks to spend time talking to a dying patient
Resistance - Overt or covert antagonism toward remembering or processing anxiety-producing information
Person attends court-ordered treatment for alcoholism but refuses to participate
Resistance - Overt or covert antagonism toward remembering or processing anxiety-producing information
Sublimation - Substituting a socially acceptable activity for an impulse that is unacceptable
Sublimation - Substituting a socially acceptable activity for an impulse that is unacceptable
Person who has quit smoking sucks on hard candy when the urge to smoke arises
Substitution - Replacing the desired gratification
Person goes for a 15-minute walk when tempted to eat junk food
Substitution - Replacing the desired gratification
What is the term for the memory of the mugging she suffered yesterday?
Memory
What is the term for a woman having no memory before age 7 when she was removed from abusive parents?
Amnesia
What is the term for overt or covert antagonism toward remembering or processing anxiety-producing information?
Resistance
What is the term for a nurse being too busy with tasks to spend time talking to a dying patient?
Neglect
What is the term for substituting a socially acceptable activity for an impulse that is unacceptable?
Sublimation
What is the term for replacing the desired gratification with one that is more readily available?
Substitution
What is the term for a woman who would like to have her own children but opens a daycare center instead?
Sublimation
What is the term for the conscious exclusion of unacceptable thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness?
Suppression
What is the term for exhibiting acceptable behavior to make up for or negate unacceptable behavior?
Undoing
What is the term for Freud's theory of childhood development based on the belief that sexual energy is the driving force of human behavior?
Five Stages of Psychosexual Development
Undoing
Exhibiting acceptable behavior to make up for or negate unacceptable behavior
Person who cheats on a spouse brings the spouse a bouquet of roses
Man who is ruthless in business donates large amounts of money to charity
Five Stages of Psychosexual Development
Freud based his theory of childhood development on the belief that sexual energy, termed libido, was the driving force of human behavior. He proposed that children progress through five stages of psychosexual development: oral (birth to 18 months), anal (18-36 months), phallicoedipal (3-5 years), latency (5-11 years or 13 years), and genital (11-13 years).
What are the three major developmental tasks in Freud's psychosexual stages of development?
Transition from one stage to the next, remain stalled at a stage, regress to an earlier stage
Why was Freud's open discussion of sexual impulses, especially in children, considered shocking for his time?
It was considered shocking because discussing sexual impulses in children was taboo during Freud's time.
What is the major focus during the Oral stage of psychosexual development according to Freud?
The major site of tension and gratification is the mouth, lips, and tongue, involving biting and sucking activities.
What age range is associated with the Anal stage in Freud's psychosexual development theory?
18-36 months
What is the focus of interest in the Phallic/Oedipal stage of psychosexual development according to Freud?
Genital stimulation and excitement, with the penis being the organ of interest for both sexes.
What is the main task during the Latency stage of psychosexual development according to Freud?
Resolution of the Oedipal complex and channeling sexual drive into socially appropriate activities.
When does the Genital stage of psychosexual development according to Freud typically occur?
Around 11-13 years of age, beginning with puberty.
Complex wish to marry opposite-sex parent and be rid of same-sex parent is seen in boys and girls. Latency (5-11 or 13 years). Resolution of oedipal complex
The resolution of the Oedipal complex occurs during the latency stage of psychosexual development (5-11 or 13 years) where children redirect their sexual urges and form the foundation of their superego.
Formation of the superego. Final stage of psychosexual development. Genital (11-13 years). Begins with puberty and the biological capacity for orgasm, involves the capacity for true intimacy
The genital stage is the final stage of psychosexual development, occurring during adolescence (11-13 years). It involves the formation of the superego, and the development of the capacity for intimate relationships and sexual maturity.
Transference and Countertransference
Freud developed the concepts of transference and countertransference in psychoanalysis. Transference occurs when the client displaces onto the therapist attitudes and feelings experienced in other relationships. Countertransference refers to the therapist's emotional response to the client, which can impact the therapeutic relationship.
Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development include Trust vs. Mistrust (infant), Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (toddler), Initiative vs. Guilt (preschool), Industry vs. Inferiority (school age). Each stage presents a conflict that must be resolved for healthy psychosocial development.
Erikson's Stage: Trust vs. Mistrust
Infant
Erikson's Stage: Virtue
Hope
Erikson's Stage Task: Trust vs. Mistrust
Viewing the world as safe and reliable, relationships as nurturing, stable, and dependable
Erikson's Stage: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Toddler
Erikson's Stage Task: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Achieving a sense of control and free will
Erikson's Stage: Initiative vs. Guilt
Preschool
Erikson's Stage Task: Initiative vs. Guilt
Beginning development of a conscience, learning to manage conflict and anxiety
Erikson's Stage: Industry vs. Inferiority
School Age
Erikson's Stage Task: Industry vs. Inferiority
Emerging confidence in own abilities, taking pleasure in accomplishments
Erikson's Stage: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Adolescence
Erikson's Stage Task: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Formulating a sense of self and belonging
Erikson's Stage: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Young Adult
Erikson's Stage Task: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Forming adult loving relationships and meaningful attachments to others
Erikson's Stage: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Middle Adult
Erikson's Stage Task: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Being creative and productive, establishing the next generation
Erikson's Stage: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Maturity
Erikson's Stage Task: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Accepting responsibility for oneself and life
What are Erikson's eight psychosocial stages of development based on?
Psychosocial growth in sequential phases, with each stage dependent on completion of the previous stage and life task.
What is the first psychosocial stage in Erikson's theory and what is the life task associated with it?
The first stage is trust versus mistrust (birth to 18 months). The life task is to develop basic trust, leading to positive outcomes such as being fed and taken care of.
How does Jean Piaget categorize cognitive development in children?
Piaget categorizes cognitive development in children into a series of stages based on age, with each successive stage demonstrating a higher level of functioning.
What are the four stages of cognitive development in Piaget's theory?
1. Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years). 2. Preoperational (2-7 years). 3. Concrete operational (7-11 years). 4. Formal operational (from 11 years onwards).
What are the four stages of cognitive development according to Piaget?
1. Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years) 2. Preoperational (2 to 7 years) 3. Concrete Operational (7 to 11 years) 4. Formal Operational (11 years and beyond)
What is the focus of the Sensorimotor stage in Piaget's theory?
Developing a sense of self as separate from the environment and understanding object permanence.
Who was Hildegard Peplau?
Hildegard Peplau was a nursing theorist and clinician who built on Sullivan's interpersonal theories and developed the concept of the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship.
What are the four phases of the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship developed by Peplau?
The four phases are orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution.
What tasks are carried out in the orientation phase of the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship?
Tasks in the orientation phase include clarifying the patient's problems and needs, explaining hospital routines and expectations, eliciting the patient's full participation, and harnessing energy toward meeting problems.
What tasks are involved in the identification phase of the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship?
Tasks in the identification phase include the patient responding to helpful individuals, feeling stronger, expressing feelings, and engaging in interdependent work with the nurse.
What occurs in the exploitation phase of the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship?
In the exploitation phase, the patient makes full use of available services, goals such as going home and returning to work emerge, and the patient's behaviors fluctuate between dependence and independence.
What are the four phases of the nurse-client relationship according to Peplau?
1. Orientation phase 2. Identification phase 3. Exploitation phase 4. Resolution phase
What tasks are accomplished in the orientation phase of the nurse-client relationship?
Engaging the client in treatment, providing explanations and information, and answering questions
When does the identification phase of the nurse-client relationship begin?
When the client works interdependently with the nurse, expresses feelings, and begins to feel stronger
What happens in the exploitation phase of the nurse-client relationship?
The client makes full use of the services offered by the nurse
In which phase of the nurse-client relationship does the client no longer need professional services and gives up dependent behavior?
Resolution phase
What concept of the nurse-client relationship has been modified but remains in use today?
Peplau's concept of the nurse-client relationship with tasks and behaviors characteristic of each stage
What are the primary roles of the nurses identified by Peplau in the therapeutic relationship?
Stranger, Resource person, Teacher, Leader
What does the role of 'Stranger' involve in the therapeutic relationship according to Peplau?
Offering the client the same acceptance and courtesy as one would to any stranger
What does the role of 'Resource person' involve in the therapeutic relationship according to Peplau?
Providing specific answers to questions within a larger context
What does the role of 'Teacher' involve in the therapeutic relationship according to Peplau?
Helping the client learn either formally or informally
What does the role of 'Leader' involve in the therapeutic relationship according to Peplau?
Offering direction to the client or group
What is a surrogate in the context described?
A substitute serving for another, such as a parent or sibling.
What roles did Peplau believe a nurse could take on?
Consultant, tutor, safety agent, mediator, administrator, observer, and researcher.
How did Peplau define anxiety?
As the initial response to a psychic threat.
What are the four levels of anxiety defined by Peplau?
Mild, Moderate, Severe, Panic.
Describe the characteristics of mild anxiety according to Peplau.
Sharpened senses, increased motivation, alert, enlarged perceptual field, can solve problems.
What are the characteristics of moderate anxiety according to Peplau?
Restless, gastrointestinal discomfort, sleepless, irritable, hypersensitive to noise, selectively attentive.
List the characteristics of severe anxiety as defined by Peplau.
Muscle tension, diaphoresis, pounding pulse, headache, dry mouth, higher voice pitch, increased rate of speech, gastrointestinal upset, frequent urination.
What are the characteristics of panic-level anxiety according to Peplau?
Severe headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, trembling, rigid stance, vertigo, pale, tachycardia, chest pain.
What behaviors may be observed in a person experiencing panic-level anxiety?
Crying, ritualistic and purposeless repetitive behavior, perceptual field reduced to focus on self.
What are the physical symptoms associated with a limited perceptual field in a person experiencing anxiety?
Muscle tension, diaphoresis, pounding pulse, headache, dry mouth, higher voice pitch, increased rate of speech, gastrointestinal upset, frequent urination, increased automatisms, nervous mannerisms
What are the behavioral manifestations of a person with a reduced perceptual field unable to complete tasks or learn effectively?
Behavior geared toward anxiety relief, ineffective task completion, inability to solve problems or learn effectively
What physical symptoms and behaviors may indicate severe anxiety or panic in an individual, according to the provided text?
Severe headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, trembling, rigid stance, vertigo, pale skin, tachycardia, chest pain, crying
What are some symptoms of perceptual field reduction focusing on self and inability to process environmental stimuli in an individual?
Distorted perceptions, loss of rational thought, personality disorganization, inability to recognize danger, possible suicidal tendencies
According to the text, what are some possible outcomes of severe anxiety or panic, including delusional or hallucinatory experiences?
Inability to communicate verbally, bolt and run behavior, muteness, immobility
What is the publisher of the book?
Putnam's Sons
How many pages does the book have?
128
Untitled Flashcards
Study
What is the term for consciously excluding unacceptable thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness?
Suppression
displacement
Releasing intense emotions towards less threatening individuals
At what level of awareness do most defense mechanisms operate?
Unconscious level
Give an example of exhibiting acceptable behavior to make up for or negate unacceptable behavior. (undoing)
A man who is ruthless in business donates large amounts of money to charity
In the example of a diabetic person eating chocolate candy, which defense mechanism is being demonstrated?
Denial
Explain the defense mechanism of denial
Failure to acknowledge an unbearable condition or admit the reality of a situation
Describe the defense mechanism of conversion
Expression of an emotional conflict through the development of a physical symptom, usually sensorimotor in nature
Which defense mechanism involves separation of the emotions of a painful event or situation from the facts involved?
Intellectualization
Rationalization
Excusing own behavior to avoid guilt, responsibility, conflict, anxiety, or loss of self-respect; Student blames failure on the teacher being mean; Man says he beats his wife because she does not listen to him
What defense mechanism is being described when a woman who never wanted to have children becomes a supermom?
Reaction formation
Who based his theory of childhood development on the belief that sexual energy was the driving force of human behavior?
Freud
Projection
Unconscious blaming of unacceptable inclinations or thoughts on an external object; Man who has thought about same-gender sexual relationship but never had one beats a man who is gay; Person with many prejudices loudly identifies others as bigots
At what age range does the phallic/oedipal stage of psychosexual development occur according to Freud?
3-5 years
At what age range does the oral stage of psychosexual development occur according to Freud?
Birth to 18 months
Identification
Modeling actions and opinions of influential others while searching for identity or aspiring to reach a personal, social, or occupational goal
Regression
Moving back to a previous developmental stage
Give an example of displacement as a defense mechanism
Ventilating intense feelings toward persons who are less threatening than the actual source of arousal
What is the driving force of human behavior according to Freud's theory of childhood development?
Sexual energy, termed libido
What defense mechanism is being described when a 5-year-old asks for a bottle when a new baby brother is being fed?
Regression
What is the term for overt or covert antagonism toward remembering or processing anxiety-producing information?
Resistance
What defense mechanism is being described when a man pouts like a 4-year-old if he is not the center of his girlfriend's attention?
Regression
Give an example of Undoing behavior.
A person who cannot think about their son's death right now.
What are the Five Stages of Psychosexual Development according to Freud?
Oral, Anal, Phallicoedipal, Latency, Genital
Define conversion as a defense mechanism
Expressing emotional conflicts through the development of physical symptoms, usually related to movement and sensation
Introjection
Accepting another person's attitudes, beliefs, and values as one's own; Person who dislikes guns becomes an avid hunter, just like a best friend
What does a person exhibit when they engage in acceptable behavior to make up for or negate unacceptable behavior?
Undoing
At what age range does the anal stage of psychosexual development occur according to Freud?
18-36 months
Give an example of denial as a defense mechanism
A person diagnosed with cancer refuses to talk about their illness
How does compensation work as a defense mechanism?
By overachieving in one area to make up for deficiencies in another area
Remembering nothing of childhood sexual abuse
dissociation
What defense mechanism is being described when a woman has no memory of the mugging she suffered yesterday?
repression
What is it called when a person who cheats on their spouse brings the spouse a bouquet of roses?
Exhibiting acceptable behavior to make up for or negate unacceptable behavior
How is dealing with emotional conflict by a temporary alteration in consciousness or identity defined?
Dissociation
What is the purpose of compensation as a defense mechanism?
To offset real or perceived deficiencies in one area by overachieving in another area
Nursing student becoming a critical care nurse because this is the specialty of an instructor she admires
identification
What defense mechanism is being described when a person says he beats his wife because she does not listen to him?
rationalization
What defense mechanism is being described when a person blames their failure on a teacher being mean?
Rationalization
What is the purpose of displacement as a defense mechanism?
To redirect intense feelings toward a less threatening target
What is the purpose of reaction formation as a defense mechanism?
To protect one's emotions by exhibiting behavior opposite to true feelings
What is the term for exhibiting acceptable behavior to make up for or negate unacceptable behavior?
Undoing
What is the term for the expression of an emotional conflict through the development of a physical symptom, usually sensorimotor in nature?
Conversion
What is the term for substituting a socially acceptable activity for an impulse that is unacceptable?
Sublimation
What is the term for the immobilization of a portion of the personality resulting from unsuccessful completion of tasks in a developmental stage?
Fixation
What defense mechanism is being described when a person who despises the boss tells everyone what a great boss she is?
Repression
What defense mechanism involves failure to acknowledge an unbearable condition or the reality of a situation?
Denial
What are defense mechanisms?
Ways to cope with basic drives or emotionally painful thoughts, feelings, or events
What is the term for replacing the desired gratification with one that is more readily available?
Substitution
Reaction formation
Acting the opposite of what one thinks or feels; Woman who never wanted to have children becomes a supermom; Person who despises the boss tells everyone what a great boss she is
What is the main characteristic of defense mechanisms operating at the unconscious level?
People are not aware of what they are doing and often need help to see reality
According to Freud, how many stages of psychosexual development do children progress through?
Five (5)
At what age range does the latency stage of psychosexual development occur according to Freud?
5-11 years
Provide an example of denial as a defense mechanism
A diabetic person eating chocolate candy despite health risks
Untitled Flashcards
Study
What is the characteristic of the prototaxic mode in infancy and childhood?
Brief unconnected experiences with no relationship to one another
What do adults with schizophrenia exhibit in terms of experiences?
Persistent prototaxic experiences
When does the parataxic mode begin and what does it involve?
Begins in early childhood; involves connecting experiences in sequence with the child not making logical sense of them
How does a child in the parataxic mode view experiences?
May see them as coincidence or chance events
How does a child in the parataxic mode seek to relieve anxiety?
By repeating familiar experiences, even if not understanding their actions
How did Sullivan explain paranoid ideas and slips of the tongue in relation to the parataxic mode?
As a person operating in the parataxic mode
When does the syntaxic mode begin and what does it involve?
Begins to appear in school-aged children; involves perceiving oneself and the world in the context of the environment and analyzing experiences in various settings
How is maturity defined according to Sullivan?
As the predominance of the syntaxic mode
What are the primary characteristics of each life stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages table? (Infancy)
Birth to onset of language; primary need for bodily contact and tenderness; dominance of prototaxic mode with no relation between experiences; primary zones are oral and anal
What are the primary characteristics of each life stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages table? (Childhood)
Language to 5 years; view parents as a source of praise and acceptance; shift to parataxic mode with connected experiences in sequence; primary zone is anal; gratification leads to positive self-esteem; moderate anxiety leads to uncertainty and insecurity, while severe anxiety leads to dread and anxiety
What are the stages in Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Infancy, Childhood, Juvenile, Preadolescence, Adolescence
What is the focus of the Infancy stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Primary need exists for bodily contact and tenderness
What dominates in the Prototaxic mode during Infancy according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Prototaxic mode dominates, with no relation between experiences
What are the primary zones in the Infancy stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Oral and anal
What happens if an infant's needs are met during the Infancy stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Infant has a sense of wellbeing
What happens if an infant's needs are unmet during the Infancy stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Unmet needs lead to dread and anxiety
What shift occurs in Childhood according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Shift to parataxic mode, where experiences are connected in sequence to each other
What is the primary zone in the Childhood stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Anal
What leads to positive self-esteem in the Childhood stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Gratification
What may moderate anxiety lead to in the Childhood stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Uncertainty and insecurity
What may severe anxiety lead to in the Childhood stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Self-defeating patterns of behavior
What shift occurs in the Juvenile stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Shift to the syntaxic mode
What begins in the Juvenile stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Thinking about self and others based on analysis of experiences in a variety of situations
What may severe anxiety result in during the Juvenile stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
A need to control or in restrictive prejudicial attitudes
What major shift occurs in the Preadolescence stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Shift to syntaxic mode occurs
What capacity emerges or fails to develop in the Preadolescence stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Capacity for attachment, love, and collaboration emerges or fails to develop
What is added to the interpersonal equation in the Preadolescence stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Lust
What new opportunities arise in the Adolescence stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
New opportunities for social experimentation
What leads to the consolidation of self-esteem in the Adolescence stage according to Sullivan's Life Stages model?
Social experimentation and consolidation of self-esteem
What age range is considered pre-adolescence?
8-12 years
What major shift occurs during pre-adolescence in terms of relationships?
Move to genuine intimacy with friend of the same sex
In pre-adolescence, where does the individual move away from for satisfaction in relationships?
Family as a source of satisfaction in relationships
When does the capacity for attachment, love, and collaboration emerge or fail to develop?
During pre-adolescence
What is added to the interpersonal equation during adolescence?
Lust
What is the age range for adolescence?
Puberty to adulthood
In adolescence, what shifts in terms of special sharing relationships?
Shifts to the opposite sex
What opportunities for social experimentation arise during adolescence?
New opportunities for social experimentation
What is the goal of treatment in Sullivan's therapeutic community or milieu?
Establishment of satisfying interpersonal relationships
What did Sullivan envision the therapist's role as in therapy?
Participant observer, meaning participating in and observing the progress of the relationship
Who is credited with developing the first therapeutic community or milieu with young men with schizophrenia in 1929?
Sullivan
When was the term 'therapeutic community' used extensively?
After Maxwell Jones published 'The Therapeutic Community' in 1953
What is emphasized in the concept of therapeutic community or milieu in terms of treatment?
The role of client-to-client interaction
Before the concept of therapeutic community, what was believed to be the essential component of interaction in treatment?
Interaction between the client and the psychiatrist
Who is credited with developing the first therapeutic community or milieu with young men with schizophrenia in 1929?
Sullivan
When was the term 'therapeutic community' first extensively used, according to Maxwell Jones?
1953
What is the emphasis of treatment in a therapeutic community or milieu?
Client-to-client interaction
What did Sullivan and later Jones observe about client interactions in a safe therapeutic setting?
Provided great benefits to clients
What does milieu therapy involve, as originally developed by Sullivan?
Clients' interactions with each other, practicing interpersonal relationship skills, giving feedback, and working cooperatively as a group
What is one of the primary modes of treatment in the acute hospital setting, according to the text?
Milieu therapy
In today's healthcare environment, why does the concept of milieu therapy receive little attention?
Inpatient hospital stays are often too short for clients to develop meaningful relationships with each other
What is still a primary role for the nurse in terms of providing safety and protection for all clients in the milieu?
Management of the milieu or environment
What is one of the primary modes of treatment in acute hospital settings according to the text?
Milieu therapy
Why are inpatient hospital stays often too short for clients to develop meaningful relationships with each other in today's health care environment?
Inpatient hospital stays are often too short
What is still a primary role for the nurse in terms of providing safety and protection for all clients and promoting social interaction?
Management of the milieu or environment
Scholarly Assistant's Insights
Improve your understanding of psychology with this flashcard deck on defense mechanisms like compensation and displacement.
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