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What are polymers in biological molecules?
Polymers are molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together
Form of seeds and fruit
Starch can be tested by applying a drop of iodine solution. If starch is present, the solution will turn blue-black.
What is hydrolysis?
Hydrolysis is the reaction where we break apart the chemical (for carbohydrates-glycosidic) bond between two simple sugars. For this to occur, water and suitable conditions are required.
What is condensation?
Condensation is the reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond and involves the elimination of a molecule of water. This reaction always releases water.
What are monomers in biological molecules?
Monomers are the smaller units from which larger molecules are made (e.g monosaccharides, amino acids, and nucleotides are examples of monomers)
How are polysaccharides formed?
Polysaccharides are formed by the condensation of many glucose units. Examples include glycogen and starch, which are formed by the condensation of alpha glucose, and cellulose, which is formed by the condensation of beta glucose.
Where is glycogen found?
Glycogen is found mainly in muscle.
Glycogen
- Found mainly in muscle and liver cells - Synthesized from glucose - Acts as a ready source of glucose for tissues throughout the body
What are glycosidic bonds and how are they labeled?
Glycosidic bonds are formed by condensation reactions between monosaccharides and can be labeled as 1,4 or 1,6. This indicates where the bond starts and ends, allowing for branching in certain polysaccharides like glycogen and amylopectin.
What are the differences between alpha glucose and beta glucose?
Alpha glucose has the hydrogen at the top right, while beta glucose has the hydrogen at the bottom left. When counting carbons, always start from the oxygen and count clockwise then up at the last carbon. This difference is important in more complex carbohydrates.
What are monosaccharides and examples?
Monosaccharides are the monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made. Examples include glucose, galactose, and fructose. They have the formula (CH2O)n (n is between 3-7) and are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
How are disaccharides formed?
Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides, such as maltose (glucose + glucose), sucrose (glucose + fructose), and lactose (glucose + galactose). Each type has specific enzymes that break them up.
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Flashcard Deck: Learn about biological molecules, polysaccharides, glycosidic bonds, and more with these flashcards.
Polymers
Biological Molecules
Seeds
Fruit
Starch
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