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1
Question
What are polymers in biological molecules?
Answer
Polymers are molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together
2
Question
Form of seeds and fruit
Answer
Starch can be tested by applying a drop of iodine solution. If starch is present, the solution will turn blue-black.
3
Question
What is hydrolysis?
Answer
Hydrolysis is the reaction where we break apart the chemical (for carbohydrates-glycosidic) bond between two simple sugars. For this to occur, water and suitable conditions are required.
4
Question
What is condensation?
Answer
Condensation is the reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond and involves the elimination of a molecule of water. This reaction always releases water.
5
Question
What are monomers in biological molecules?
Answer
Monomers are the smaller units from which larger molecules are made (e.g monosaccharides, amino acids, and nucleotides are examples of monomers)
6
Question
How are polysaccharides formed?
Answer
Polysaccharides are formed by the condensation of many glucose units. Examples include glycogen and starch, which are formed by the condensation of alpha glucose, and cellulose, which is formed by the condensation of beta glucose.
7
Question
Where is glycogen found?
Answer
Glycogen is found mainly in muscle.
8
Question
Glycogen
Answer
- Found mainly in muscle and liver cells - Synthesized from glucose - Acts as a ready source of glucose for tissues throughout the body
9
Question
What are glycosidic bonds and how are they labeled?
Answer
Glycosidic bonds are formed by condensation reactions between monosaccharides and can be labeled as 1,4 or 1,6. This indicates where the bond starts and ends, allowing for branching in certain polysaccharides like glycogen and amylopectin.
10
Question
What are the differences between alpha glucose and beta glucose?
Answer
Alpha glucose has the hydrogen at the top right, while beta glucose has the hydrogen at the bottom left. When counting carbons, always start from the oxygen and count clockwise then up at the last carbon. This difference is important in more complex carbohydrates.
11
Question
What are monosaccharides and examples?
Answer
Monosaccharides are the monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made. Examples include glucose, galactose, and fructose. They have the formula (CH2O)n (n is between 3-7) and are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
12
Question
How are disaccharides formed?
Answer
Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides, such as maltose (glucose + glucose), sucrose (glucose + fructose), and lactose (glucose + galactose). Each type has specific enzymes that break them up.