Central nervous system (CNS)

It's composed of the brain and the spinal cord.

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

It consists of the nerves that connect the brain and the spinal cord with the body's muscles, glands, sense organs, and other tissues.

Basically everything outside the brain and spinal cord.

Neuron

Soma

It contains the nucleus and ribosomes.

It's also called the cell body.

Dendrite

Series of highly branched outgrowths of the cell that receive incoming information from other neurons.

They increase a cell's capacity to receive signals from many other neurons.

Dendritic spines

Knoblike outgrowths that increase the surface area of dendrites further.

Axon

Long process that extends from the cell body and carries outgoing signals to its target cells.

T

Axon hillock

Axon terminal

Myelin