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CCC100 FINALS
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What is computer communications?
Computer communications describes a process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information. It is the process of sharing data, programs, and information between two or more computers.
What are the elements of a communication system?
The elements of a communication system include sending and receiving devices, connection devices (interface between sending and receiving devices), and the communication channel (the actual connecting or transmission medium for messages).
What are wireless connections in computer communications?
Wireless connections do not use a solid substance to connect devices. They most often use radio waves for communication. Examples of wireless connections include WiMAX, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, microwave, cellular, satellite, GPS, and infrared communication.
What is WiMAX?
WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. It extends the range of Wi-Fi networks using microwave connections, allowing for broader wireless coverage.
What is Bluetooth?
Bluetooth is a wireless technology that transmits data over short distances. It is widely used for a variety of wireless devices, such as smartphones, headphones, and keyboards.
What is Wi-Fi?
Wi-Fi stands for wireless fidelity. It uses high-frequency radio signals to enable wireless networking. Most home and business wireless networks use Wi-Fi for internet connectivity.
What is microwave communication?
Microwave communication is a line-of-sight communication method used to send data between buildings. Longer distances require the use of microwave stations to relay the signals.
What is cellular communication?
Cellular communication uses cell towers to send and receive data within relatively small geographic regions or cells. It is the basis for mobile phone networks.
What is satellite communication?
Satellite communication uses microwave relay stations to transmit data over long distances. It leverages satellite technology to enable global connectivity.
What is GPS?
GPS stands for Global Positioning System. It is a navigation system that tracks geographic locations using signals from satellites. It is commonly used for location-based services and mapping.
What is infrared communication?
Infrared communication uses light waves to transmit data over short distances. It requires a direct line of sight between the communicating devices.
What are physical connections in computer communications?
Physical connections use a solid medium to connect sending and receiving devices. Examples include twisted pair cable, telephone lines, Ethernet cables, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable.
What is the use of wireless instant messaging (IM) in computer communications?
Wireless instant messaging (IM) is a real-time internet communications service that allows wireless mobile devices to exchange messages. It enables users to connect with others wirelessly through various devices.
How do people connect to the Internet wirelessly at home, work, and in public locations?
People connect wirelessly to the Internet through a wireless internet access point using devices such as notebook computers, smartphones, handheld game consoles, or other wireless-enabled devices.
What is a Global Positioning System (GPS) and how is it used?
A Global Positioning System (GPS) is a navigation system that consists of earth-based receivers analyzing signals sent by satellites to determine geographic locations. It is commonly used for navigation and location tracking.
WIRELESS INTERNET ACCESS POINT
A device that allows notebook computers, smartphones, handheld game consoles, or other devices to connect to the internet wirelessly.
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)
A navigation system that consists of one or more earth-based receivers that accept and analyze signals sent by satellites to determine the receiver's geographic location.
GROUPWARE
Software that helps groups of people work together on projects and share information over a network.
VOICE MAIL
Functions much like an answering machine and allows someone to leave a voice message for one or more people.
COLLABORATIVE SOFTWARE
Includes tools that enable users to share documents via online meetings and communicate with other connected users. Examples include Acrobat Connect, GoToMeeting, Microsoft Groove, Microsoft Office Live Meeting, Google Wave, and WebEx.
COLLABORATE VIA E-MAIL
Users collaborate via email by sending documents for review. Reviewers can add comments or changes to the document, and the originator can merge all comments and changes into a single document.
DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Provides storage and management for a company's documents such as word processing documents, presentations, and spreadsheets. Examples include Google Docs, a web-based document management system.
CONNECTION DEVICES
Many communication systems use standard telephone lines and analog signals, while computers use digital signals. Modems modulate and demodulate signals, and transfer rates are measured in megabits per second. Types include wireless, wireless wide area network (WWAN), DSL, and cable.
CONNECTION SERVICES
Support very high-speed, all-digital transmission for large corporations. Examples include T1, T3, DS3, and OC (optical carrier) lines. Cellular service providers support voice and data transmission using cellular networks, and other technologies include dial-up, DSL, cable, fiber optic service (FiOS), and satellite.
DATA TRANSMISSION
The process of sending digital or analog data over a communication medium such as a phone line or computer network.
2G technology
Analog radio signals
3G technology
Digital radio signals
4G technology
LTE Long Term Evolution
5G technology
The newest and fastest network
Dial-up
An affordable technology for internet access
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
An affordable technology for internet access
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
An affordable technology for internet access
Cable
An affordable technology for internet access
Fiber optic service (FiOS)
An affordable technology for internet access
Satellite
An affordable technology for internet access
Bandwidth
Measures a communication channel's width or capacity
Voiceband
A type of bandwidth
Medium band
A type of bandwidth
Broadband
A type of bandwidth
Baseband
A type of bandwidth
Protocols
Rules for exchanging data
Internet Protocols (IP)
Include https and TCPIP
IP Addresses
Unique numeric Internet addresses
DNS (Domain Name Server)
Converts text-based addresses to and from numeric IP addresses
Packets
Small parts of messages
Computer Networks
Connect two or more computers
Wide Area Networks (WANs)
The largest type of network that spans states, countries, or forms worldwide networks. The Internet is the largest wide area network in the world.
Network Architecture
Describes how networks are arranged and resources are shared.
Topologies
Describes the physical arrangement of a network.
Bus Network
Each device is connected to a common cable called a bus or backbone.
Ring Network
Each device is connected to two other devices forming a ring.
Star Network
Each device is connected directly to a central network switch. This is the most common type today.
Tree (Hierarchical) Network
A central node is connected to subordinate nodes, forming a treelike structure.
Mesh Network
The newest type of network where each node has two or more connecting nodes.
Strategies
Every network has a strategy or way of sharing information and resources. Common network strategies include client-server and peer-to-peer.
Client-Server
A hierarchical network where central computers coordinate and supply services to other nodes based on the specialization of nodes. Widely used on the Internet and able to handle very large networks efficiently.
Peer-to-Peer Network
Nodes have equal authority and act as both clients and servers. Widely used to share games, movies, and music over the Internet. Easy to set up and use but lacks security controls.
Internet Technologies
Support effective communication using intranets and extranets.
Intranet
A private network within an organization that uses browsers, websites, and web pages. Typical applications include electronic telephone directories, email addresses, employee benefit information, internal job openings, and more.
Extranet
Similar to an intranet, but connects more than one organization. Typically allows suppliers and others limited access to their networks.
Network Security
Three technologies commonly used to ensure network security are firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and virtual private networks.
Firewall
Controls access; all communications pass through a proxy server.
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs)
Work with firewalls and use sophisticated statistical techniques to recognize and disable network attacks.
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
Creates a secure private connection between a remote user and the organization's internal network.
References
1. Vermaat, M. E., Shelly, G. B. (2011). Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World, Complete. Cengage Learning. 2. O'Leary, T. J., O'Leary, D. A., O'Leary, L. I.
What does VPN stand for?
Virtual Private Network
What is the purpose of VPN?
It creates a secure private connection between a remote user and an organization's internal network.
References for VPN:
1. Vermaat, M. E., Shelly, G. B. (2011). Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World. Cengage Learning. 2. O'Leary, T. J., O'Leary, D. A., O'Leary, L. I. (2023). Computing Essentials: Making IT Work for You. McGraw Hill LLC. Handout Communication and Networks. Page 4 of 4.
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Study guide for computer communications including wireless and physical connections, protocols, network types, and internet technologies.
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