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Conjunctivitis
Inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva.
Parts of the conjunctiva
Bulbar conjunctiva (covers the globe) and tarsal conjunctiva (lines the eyelids inner surface)
Most common cause of conjunctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis
Other common causes of conjunctivitis
Bacterial conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, toxin-induced conjunctivitis
Acute conjunctivitis
Symptom duration of 3 to 4 weeks, usually lasting 1 to 2 weeks
conjunctivitis may also be associated with :
Chronic conjunctivitis
Lasting more than four weeks
Pathophysiology of conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva, resulting in redness, edema, and discharge
Common causes of non-infectious conjunctivitis
Allergens, toxins, local irritants
Most common bacterial pathogens causing conjunctivitis in adults
Staphylococcal species, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Most common cause of viral conjunctivitis
Adenoviruses
Subtypes of adenoviral conjunctivitis
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) , pink eye, pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF)Â
Common cause of herpetic conjunctivitis
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Viral conjunctivitis with high fever, pharyngitis, and lymph node enlargement
Pharyngoconjunctival fever
Treatment for herpetic conjunctivitis
Topical antiviral agents to reduce virus shedding and prevent keratitis
Viral conjunctivitis with watery discharge, redness, and lymphadenopathy
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
COVID-19 and conjunctivitis
COVID-19 can cause conjunctivitis along with other respiratory symptoms
First branch of the trigeminal nerve
Involved in conjunctivitis and rhinosinusitis
Second branch of the trigeminal nerve
Involved in conjunctivitis
AHC
Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
Caused by picornaviruses and is more severe and hemorrhagic than adenoviral conjunctivitis
Infection
Highly contagious and occurs in epidemics
Retrospective and prospective studies
Show that 1 to 6% of COVID-19 patients display conjunctivitis
Staphylococcus aureus
More commonly found in adults and the elderly, but can also cause pediatric cases of bacterial conjunctivitis
MRSA
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Gram-negative infections
More likely to occur in contact lens wearers
Neonates
Can get bacterial conjunctivitis through vertical oculo-genital transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis
Rhin osinusitis
Inflammation of the sinuses and the nasal cavity
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
jjcCommon isolate in critically ill hospitalized patients and j
Allergic conjunctivitis
Seasonal and perennial types are IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions
VKC
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Chronic allergic inflammation of the ocular surface mediated mainly by Th2 lymphocyte
Giant papillae
Characteristic sign of vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Atopic keratoconjunctivitis
Bilateral chronic inflammatory disease of the ocular surface and eyelid, involving delayed type (IV) and immediate type I hypersensitivity
Giant papillary conjunctivitis
Inflammatory disease characterized by papillary hypertrophy of the superior tarsal conjunctiva
GPC
Giant papillary conjunctivitis
Scholarly Assistant's Insights
Explore a comprehensive guide to conjunctivitis, including its causes and treatments, and insights on rhinosinusitis.
Conjunctivitis
Rhinosinusitis
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Viral Conjunctivitis
Allergic Conjunctivitis
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