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Phase Correction
Mechanisms essential for synchronizing actions with external musical events
Period Correction
Adjusts for asynchronies between the last response and stimulus events without changing the period
Inter Onset Intervals (IOIs)
Time intervals between the onsets of successive events such as musical notes
Beat Induction
The cognitive process enabling listeners to perceive a regular pulse in music
Protomusicality
Early developmental stage of music-like interactions in infants
Teleomusicality
Goal-directed behaviors infants adopt to explore and play with sounds
4E Cognition
A framework suggesting cognition is Embodied, Embedded, Enacted, and Extended
Mirror-Canonical Neurons
Brain cells associated with action understanding and imitation
Intramusical/Extramusical/Musicogenic Meaning
Different layers of meaning derived from music
Prolongational Structure
Hierarchical organization of musical events emphasizing tension and resolution
Construction Grammar
A theory emphasizing the role of constructions in shaping language use
Expressive Intonation
How a tone is expressed within a tonal hierarchy
Spectral Rolloff/Attenuation
A measure of energy loss in sound propagation through an acoustic medium
Formants
Broad spectral maxima resulting from acoustic resonance in the human vocal tract
Attack-Sustain-Release
Phases that describe the evolution of a sound in time
Timbre Space
A multi-dimensional space positioning sounds based on their timbral characteristics
Rhythm
Patterns of sound durations and silences in music
Pulse/Beat
The regular underlying tempo or rhythm in music
Meter
The hierarchical structure of beats in music organizing rhythms into patterns
Dimensional space positioning sounds based on their timbral characteristics
Function: Represents timbral characteristics like brightness or roughness Importance: Helps in understanding how listeners perceive and categorize different sounds Application: Useful in sound synthesis, music production, and instrument design
Rhythm
Definition: Patterns of sound durations and silences in music Function: Provides structure and predictability in music, influencing how listeners perceive and interact with it Evolutionary Perspective: Rhythmic abilities in humans are unique and rooted in evolutionary, psychological, and cross-species contexts Application: Fundamental in music composition, performance, and appreciation
Pulse/Beat
Definition: The regular underlying tempo or rhythm in music Function: Provides a foundation for musical rhythm, influencing synchronization and danceability Importance: Central to the experience and enjoyment of music, allowing for coordination and shared musical experiences Application: Essential for composers, musicians, and dancers to establish rhythm and tempo
Meter
Definition: The hierarchical structure of beats in music, organizing rhythms into patterns Function: Provides a framework for understanding and predicting rhythmic patterns Cognitive Aspect: Meter is a cognitive phenomenon influencing how listeners perceive and anticipate rhythmic patterns Application: Guides composers and musicians in structuring musical pieces for desired rhythmic effects
Musical Rhythmic Behavior (MRB)
Definition: A constellation of hierarchically organized subskills related to rhythm Components: Includes timing abilities, perception of pulse, action perception, coupling, and error correction mechanisms Function: Provides a framework for understanding rhythm's complexity and its cognitive underpinnings Application: Helps in studying rhythmic behaviors in both humans and animals, shedding light on evolutionary continuities
Mirror/Canonical Neurons
Definition: Neurons associated with action observation and execution Mirror Neurons: Activate during both action performance and observation of the same action in others Canonical Neurons: Activate when observing a graspable object and when performing the grasping action Importance: Play a crucial role in understanding, imitating, and learning actions, bridging the gap between observation and execution
Basilar Membrane
Definition: A thin strip of tissue within the cochlea of the inner ear that vibrates in response to sound waves Function: It plays a crucial role in the auditory system, helping to transform sound waves into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain Details: Different parts of the basilar membrane respond to different frequencies, with the base responding to higher frequencies and the apex to lower frequencies
Tonotopic Organization
Definition: The spatial arrangement in which different sound frequencies are processed in a systematic and organized way within the auditory system Function: Ensures that different parts of the auditory system respond to different frequencies Details: This organization can be observed in the cochlea and in various parts of the auditory cortex
Pitch
Definition: The perceived frequency of a sound, determining whether it's heard as high or low Function: Fundamental to music and speech, allowing differentiation of melodies and tones Details: Pitch perception can be influenced by factors like loudness, duration, and the sound's context
Consonance
Definition: A combination of tones that sound harmonious, stable, or pleasing when played together Function: Often used in music to create a sense of resolution or rest Details: Historically, intervals like octaves and perfect fifths are considered consonant
Scholarly Assistant's Insights
A flashcard deck covering music cognition, including terms like rhythm, beat, meters, and cognitive concepts in music perception.
Music Cognition
Rhythm
Beat Induction
Cognitive Processes
Musical Structure
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