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TEACHING STRAT
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Study
are the most important part of the analysis phase—this is where you will suggest specific interventions or strategies to address the issues and constraints identified in the assessment
Recommendations
are realizations anchored on your research findings. The following should be remembered in presenting them
Conclusion
should be anchored on the statement of the problem (SOP).
Summary
The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the collected data and the statistical treatment, and/or mechanics, of analysis.
Results and Discussion
is the process of collecting and organizing data to draw helpful conclusions from it.
Data Analysis
is the application of some form of statistical method to a data set to transform it from a group of meaningless numbers into meaningful output.
Statistical Treatment of Data
involve the application of fundamental ethical principles when undertaking research and collecting information from primary and secondary sources,
Ethics Protocol
The procedure for data gathering must be done sequentially which includes the following: permission, administration, scoring and interpretation as well as the construction of questionnaire; validation; distribution; retrieval; collation; presentation of data and interpretation of data.
Data Gathering Procedure
This has to do with different measures to determine the validity and reliability of the research instrument.
Tool Validity and Reliability
Adopting an instrument is quite simple and requires very little effort. Even when an instrument is adopted
Adopted Questionnaire
refers to the instrument used in a research prepared or crafted by the researcher himself.
Researcher-Made Questionnaire (Quantitative/Qualitative)
used to collect quantitative data where information is recorded as a count or numerical value.
Formal Standardized Questionnaire (Quantitative)
are different devices used in collecting data. The most common types of research instrument used in surveys are the questionnaire, checklist, the interview guide, and the observation schedule/ list.
Research Instrument
are the people usually a sample group who the researchers select for their study.
Research Participants/Respondents of the Study
discusses the place or setting of the study.
Research Locale
refers to the overall strategy to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way to ensure the research problem will be effectively addressed.
Research Design
describes the general research strategy that outlines the way in which research is to be undertaken
Methodology
A term shall be defined operationally (i.e., how it is used or measured in the study), or theoretically/technically (i.e., how it is defined in published resources).
Definition of Terms
is the worldview about how to conduct a research
Research Paradigm
explains what is presented in the research paradigm.
Conceptual Framework
is the structure of the theory that you use to anchor your study. It introduces and describes this theory
Theoretical Framework
It is about concisely summarizing and linking different sources to review the literature on a topic, making recommendations, and connecting your practice to the research.
Synthesis
literature and studies review are a summary of studies related to a particular area of research.
Review of Related Literature and Studies
dissertation or research paper describes the topic and boundaries of the research problem to be investigated.
Scope and Limitations
a section is dedicated to the significance of the study. Basically, the section on the significance of the study provides information to the reader on how the study will contribute to different people or groups of people.
Significance of the Study
on the other hand, are the things that are accepted as true, or at least plausible, by researchers and peers who will read your dissertation or thesis.
Assumptions
is a statement that can be tested by scientific research. If a researcher wants to test a relationship between two or more things, he needs to write hypotheses before he can start his experiment or data collection.
Hypothesis
This section gives the main problems and the sub-problems which should be answered by the entire study. It should focus on why the study is needed.
Statement of the Problem
provides context to the information that a researcher is discussing in his paper. Thus, the background of the study generates the readers’ interest in the research question and helps them understand why such study is important.
Background of the Study
should be able to present preliminary background information that puts the research in context, elucidate the focus of the study, draw attention to the value of the research, and specify the explicit research aims and objectives.
Introduction
Social goals and objectives through teacher’s guidance
Cooperative Learning
Learners are trained to become aware of and to exert control over their own learning.
Metacognitive
Experiments and investigation
Laboratory/ Research Method
Both intellectual and physical solutions
Both intellectual and physical solutions
Sharpen thinking, reasoning and creativity
Problem Solving Method
Students become builders of knowledge
Inquiry or Discovery Teaching
Acquisition of basic skills and information
Demonstration
Process of teaching students how to think
Concept Teaching (Arends, 1994)
Reasoning approach from whole to part
Deductive Teaching
Facts, concepts, principles and generalizations
Expository (Arends, 1994)
•Collaborative •Teacher is more of a questionnaire, facilitator, and a thought synthesizer
Indirect Method
•Teacher dominated •Subject-specific content
Direct Method
The term “PROFESSIONAL” is one of the most
exalted in the English language, denoting as it does, long and arduous years of preparation, a striving for excellence, a dedication to the public interest, and commitment to moral and ethical values.
mission (Latin) which means
misio (Latin) which means “to send.”
Mary said when she deliver Jesus
“Behold the “handmaid” of the Lord. Be it done to me according to your word”.
Teaching is never an accident in your life. It is a calling from God.
Remember:
Vocare (Latin) which means
“to call.”
3Ms in teaching
Moment, Material, Man
The Four Pillars of Education
Learning to know, Learning to do, Learning to live together, Learning to be
Imparting of knowledge and mastery not just cognitive but also psychomotor and affective.
Teaching
What of the meaning of this acronyms LAP
Learning is an Active Process
Permanent change in behavior potentiality
Learning
refers to the translation of this potentiality into behavior.
Performance
the constructivist approach, the collaborative approach, the reflective approach, the integrative approach, and, finally, the inquiry-based approach.
Pedagogical methods
1 know yourself, 2 know your students, 3 Interrogate your content, 4 interrogate your teaching methods
4 dimensions matter:
any number of teaching approaches that address the needs of students with a variety of backgrounds, learning modalities, and abilities.
INCLUSIVE TEACHING
A learning model would describe the learning process from beginning to end—from the moment a new bit of knowledge first enters a student’s consciousness through the long and perilous journey
Student Learning that Works
help improve teacher performance by applying the most effective strategies of teaching when the main objective is to master a skill or a piece of knowledge.
Rosenshine’s Principles of Instruction
was an educational psychologist who created a 9 step process called 'Events of Instruction
Robert Gagne
This model is a systematic process that helps educators and instructional designers develop strategies and create activities for training sessions
Nine Events of Instruction
Practical Wisdom for Succeeding in the Classroom.
New Teacher’s Companion Cunningham
A number of direct instruction strategies have been combined by Madeline Hunter into a single, relatively comprehensive approach that she calls mastery teaching (not to be confused with the related term 'mastery learning').
Mastery Teaching
bridges the gap between research findings and classroom practice.
Making Every Lesson Count
The aim is to help teachers make better decisions about what they can best do to improve their effectiveness. Four priorities are stated for teachers who want to help their student learn more
Great Teaching Toolkit
model is a particular style of teaching which is a structured method of pedagogy framed around a process devolving responsibility within the learning process from the teacher to the eventual independence of the learner.
The Gradual Release of Responsibility model
1 Preparing Students for New Learning. 2 Presenting New Learning. 3 Deepening and Reinforcing Learning. 4 Applying Learning. 5 Reflecting On and Celebrating Learning.
Five Episodes of Instruction
an approach to learning based on the best research available, helps teachers deliver effective lessons that can significantly improve achievement for all learners, including English language learners and students with special needs.
Explicit Direct Instruction (EDI),
Is typically represented by a four-stage learning cycle in which the learner 'touches all the bases’
Kolb's Experiential Learning style theory
is a model for teaching that emphasizes well-developed and carefully planned lessons designed around small learning increments and clearly defined and prescribed teaching tasks.
Direct Instruction
•The use of this model brings coherence to different teaching strategies, provides connections among educational activities, and helps science teachers make decisions about interactions with students.
The BSCS 5E Instructional Model
´The systematic collection of data to describe, explain and thereby understand actions or events that occurred sometimes in the past.
HISTORICAL RESEARCH
Descriptive phenomenology was developed by
Edmund Husserl
is widely used in social science research as a method to explore and describe. the lived experience of individuals. It seeks to emphasize the pure description of subjects'experience.
Descriptive phenomenology
is an approach to qualitative research that focuses on the commonality of a lived experience within a particular group
Phenomenology
(1) Discovering (2) Dreaming (3) Designing (4) Delivering
Four Stages of Appreciative Theory
is a relatively new theory which takes a positive approach to organizational development.
Appreciative Inqui
Developing an in-depth description and analysis of a case or multiple cases
Case Study (Appreciative)
Developing a theory grounded in data from the fie
Grounded Theory
Describing and interpreting a culture-sharing group
ETHNOGRAPHIC METHOD
He observe that the definition of the term ethnography has been subject to controversy
Paul Atkinson and Martyn Hammersley
Exploring the life of an individual
Narrative Research ( Historical
addresses the “how” and “why” research questions and enables deeper understanding of experiences, phenomena, and contex
Qualitative Research Methods
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