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Lecture 1 8_13.pdf Flashcards
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Lecture 1 8_13.pdf Flashcards
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What are the anatomic planes?
The anatomic planes can be remembered as SOFT: S - Sagital Plane, O - Oblique, F - Frontal plane (coronal), T - Transverse plane.
What is the Sagital Plane?
The Sagital Plane splits the body into left and right.
What is the MidSagital or Median Plane?
The MidSagital or Median Plane divides the body into equal left and right halves.
What does the Oblique Plane refer to?
The Oblique Plane is a cut through the body at an angle.
What does the Frontal Plane (coronal) do?
The Frontal Plane divides the body into front and back halves.
What is the Transverse Plane?
The Transverse Plane divides the body horizontally into an upper (superior) and lower (inferior) half.
What does 'Anterior' or 'Ventral' mean?
Anterior or Ventral means nearer to the front of the body.
What does 'Posterior' or 'Dorsal' mean?
Posterior or Dorsal means nearer to the back of the body.
What does 'Proximal' mean?
Proximal means nearer to the point of origin or attachment.
What does 'Distal' mean?
Distal means further from the point of origin or attachment.
What does 'Medial' refer to?
Medial means nearer to the median plane.
What does 'Lateral' refer to?
Lateral means further from the median plane.
What does 'Superior' or 'Cephalic' mean?
Superior or Cephalic means nearer to the top of the head.
What does 'Inferior' or 'Caudal' mean?
Inferior or Caudal means nearer to the bottom of the feet.
What does 'Superficial' mean?
Superficial means towards the surface of an organ or the body.
What does 'Deep' mean?
Deep means towards the center of an organ or the body.
What does 'External' mean?
External means away from the center of an organ or cavity towards the surface.
What does 'Internal' mean?
Internal means closer to the center of an organ or cavity.
What does 'Rostral' refer to?
Rostral describes a position with respect to the nose.
What does 'Cranial' mean?
Cranial means towards the head.
What does 'Caudal' mean?
Caudal means towards the tail.
What does 'Central' mean?
Central means at or near the center or midpoint.
What does 'Peripheral' mean?
Peripheral means away from the center or midpoint.
What does 'Ipsilateral' mean?
Ipsilateral means on the same side.
What does 'Contralateral' mean?
Contralateral means on the opposite side.
What are the diagnostic imaging techniques mentioned?
1. Plain radiography (X-rays), 2. Contrast imaging, 3. Subtraction angiography, 4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), 5. Ultrasound, 6. Nuclear medicine imaging, 7. Computer Tomography (CT scan).
What is the use of MRI?
MRIs have revolutionized the ability to evaluate the cranium (brain casing) and the human brain inside.
What is the supine position?
The supine position is lying horizontally with the face and torso facing up on your back.
What is the prone position?
The prone position is lying horizontally with the face and torso facing down on your stomach.
What is the right lateral recumbent position?
The right lateral recumbent position is lying on your right side with the left arm over.
What is the left lateral recumbent position?
The left lateral recumbent position is lying on your left side with the right arm over.
What is the Trendelenburg position?
The Trendelenburg position has feet elevated higher than the head.
What is the Fowler's position?
The Fowler's position is sitting up.
What are the seven anatomical regions of the body?
1. Back Region, 2. Thorax, 3. Abdomen, 4. Pelvis and Perineum Region, 5. Lower extremities, 6. Upper Extremities, 7. Head and Neck Region.
What is the Back Region comprised of?
The Back Region includes the vertebral column (spine) divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx, and the extrinsic and intrinsic back muscles.
What anatomical terms describe the Thorax?
The Thorax includes axillary (armpit), costal (ribs), deltoid (shoulder), mammary (breasts), pectoral (chest), scapular (shoulder blade), sternal (breastbone), and vertebral (backbone).
What does the Abdomen region include?
The Abdomen region includes abdominal, gluteal (buttocks), inguinal (bend of hips), lumbar (lower back), pelvic (area between hipbones), perineal (area between anus and genitals), pubic (genitals), and sacral (end of vertebral column).
What does the Pelvis and Perineum region include?
The Pelvis and Perineum region is divided into superior pelvic region (lower part of the lumbar vertebrae and upper pelvic bones), inferior pelvic region (inferior pelvic bones, sacrum, coccyx), and perineum (area between the anus and the genitals).
What anatomical terms describe the Lower Extremities?
The Lower Extremities include crural (front or lower leg), femoral (thigh), patellar (front of knee), plantar (arch of the foot), popliteal (back of the knee), sural (calf, back of the lower leg), and tarsal (ankle).
What anatomical terms describe the Upper Extremities?
The Upper Extremities include antebrachial (forearm), antecubital (inner elbow), brachial (upper arm), carpal (wrist), cubital (elbow), digital (fingers/toes), manual (hand), and palmar (palm).
What does the Head and Neck region include?
The Head and Neck region includes cephalic (head), cervical (neck), cranial (skull), frontal (forehead), nasal (nose), occipital (base of the skull), oral (mouth), orbital (eyes), and auricular (ears).
How can the twelve cranial nerves be remembered?
The phrase 'On Old Olympus Towering Top A Finn And German Viewed A Hop' can be used, where the first letter of each word represents a cranial nerve in order: I - Olfactory, II - Optic, III - Oculomotor, IV - Trochlear, V - Trigeminal, VI - Abducens, VII - Facial, VIII - Auditory, IX - Glossopharyngeal, X - Vagus, XI - Accessory, XII - Hypoglossal.
How can the bones of the cranium be remembered?
The phrase 'Old People From Texas Eat Steak' can be used to remember: Old - Occipital, People - Parietal, From - Frontal, Texas - Temporal, Eat - Ethmoid, Steak - Sphenoid.
How can the vertebral bones be remembered?
The phrase 'Imagine a Crunchy breakfast at 7 am' can be used to remember the 7 cervical bones, 'A Tasty lunch at noon' for 12 thoracic bones, and 'A Light dinner at 5 pm' for 5 lumbar bones.
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