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51:32You know, it's a rare commodity in the earth, so we ascribe value to it.
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51:36I think it felt good because we look at gold and we say, "See, there's only so much..."
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51:40Of it, it has a lasting value, and it feels really nice to be attached to something physically where we know the value will stay on exactly the same
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51:49Gold will always be valuable.
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51:51That feels nice. So I can have people talk about land and property these days.
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51:54Buy a property, it will always be valuable.
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51:56Having land will always be valuable, 'cause it's unlimited.
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52:00That idea, I think, ties back to this basic foundational premise that there are eternal values, things that last
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52:07That will never leave you, they will always stay there.
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52:10That is a vast and hard contrast with the principle of capitalism, which is anything can be developed.
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52:17So for centuries it was very important
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52:21Christian missionaries used to say a sacrament is a specific material thing that can never be devalued, and if you have a fake thing that-
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52:29Is it real? Is it sacred? We're gonna call it a fetish.
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52:31Is this device very important to the battery?
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52:33There are real sacred eternal things that never change by it, and there are fake things.
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52:37And Mark's a total brain dead idea.
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52:40Now we live in a space where we're like, I don't know, does anything have eternal value?
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52:45Don't values just keep changing? Isn't that the brilliance of capitalism that the thing you thought was once valuable, now you can actually devalue it?
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52:53Or it's worth a ton.
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52:56But then living in that kind of a world for long enough, you also begin to wonder, do I have a solid foundation under my feet?
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53:02Does anything last? Is anything meaningful?
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53:05You know this idea with jobs, right? How people used to have jobs, but like one job for their whole career, and now it's like, how many times will you switch your jobs?
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53:15Of course you're creating like seven, eight, nine, ten, who knows?
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53:17You begin to wonder, "Well, I lived in this community for a long time, I might have to move to other cities."
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53:21Other parts of the year. Well, I feel like I'm actually going to be in one place.
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53:25What is my foundation? Well, I then drift to my partner, maybe the person I choose to be
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53:29You have nobody else in for me, and we'll get married and be happy, but will that last?
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53:33Or will I get divorced several times?
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53:35You don't even have to wonder, right? 'Cause even marriage, that was something that religions, Catholicism, Buddhism, they would say it's an eternal value, right?
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53:43It lasts forever, and now they're kind of like, well, I don't know, shit happens, and then maybe you, you know, get divorced.
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53:50Okay, we re-married again. We've had to lesson up on that one.
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53:54That's part of this secular mindset we're living in.
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53:57Nothing seems fixed.
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53:59I can understand and listen carefully to this.
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54:02I can understand how some people say, "I'm just gonna go back to being like hardcore religious."
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54:07This looks really appealing. There are values that don't change.
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54:10I want, I want to have them as a foundation in my life.
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54:14I want to know something
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54:15It can't be shaken again. And specifically as a response to the unstable world I'm living in, which in part, at least, or maybe significantly, is caused by a capitalist structure
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54:25I have a lot of sympathy with that, I have a lot of empathy for that.
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54:28I'm not knocking that.
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54:30It makes a lot of sense.
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54:32If you wonder why fundamentalism in religious terms is a particularly unique modern phenomenon, that's partly why
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54:39The world is very shaken. People aren't sure where value lies, and then people come and say, "Value lies in religion.
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54:45Don't ever leave it. These things are eternal."
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54:47Okay, I'll breathe a sigh of relief. And maybe I won't be so anxious all the time, right?
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54:52Because otherwise, oh my God, I mean, what would we-
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54:55We have to determine these things. We gotta determine things we never had to determine before.
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54:59You, you have to know all kinds of things, and then you have to cement your identity and stand up for it in ways people never had to do
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55:06So listen carefully, I'm not mocking these things, but we have something to even think about these days, like, okay, which, which gender am I?
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55:13Which pronouns?
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55:15Which lifestyle will I lead? Will I love someone, heterosexually or homosexually, or, or will I just be queer and defy the labels altogether?
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55:22What if the food I eat, do I become vegetarian, a pescatarian, and do I justify being a carnivore, and people will be okay with that?
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55:28Or then, how do I feel about that?
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55:29And this is, I'm just
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55:30Touching on some of the, what you know, talked about ones, but the list goes on and on.
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55:35And I have to defend these, and if I don't, then someone's gonna say, "Well, what do you believe?"
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55:39You stand for. But I'm just exhausted. I'm not sure I wanna take stands on everything.
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55:43Which political party are you part of? You know, and you have justified this, and I mean, I can't imagine
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55:47Being young these days, right? Like you gotta try and find your identity, determine who you are, making all these choices, and then figure out, am I authentically living my best?
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55:56And then you read magazines about how to lose weight, and you read magazines about how to have the best sex life, and the list goes on and on and all these things.
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56:03You can't just simply host into an existence and say, "I'm not gonna justify who I am, I don't have to." I just, I have to figure out how to justify quite a few things that
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56:12People in the past never justify as far as their identity.
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56:15I'm just wondering, like, about the, like, marks I read a while ago, so I'm trying to
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56:20I remember in the sense of the idea of, religion as like the opium of the masses, as like distracting yourself from like these bigger
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56:28Or larger, larger ideas, or that little horse won't, or isn't charging, whatever.
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56:32It's like that connected also to what you were saying before about the whole
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56:37Like persistent fixations on how we need to like identify ourselves and what kind of job we have.
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56:42Like, are we gonna talk about that? Maybe that's a
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56:47Yeah, I think, I think part of what Marx meant by this, I'm not a Marxist scholar, but I think part of what he meant by this was,
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56:53But yes, when it provides eternal, lasting values, it's deeply comforting.
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56:58And if you read Mark's full quote in that context
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57:01He's not just ripping on religion saying it's like you're taking a drug and you're not facing reality.
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57:06He's not saying it's actually, and it actually provides a lot of alleviation for people.
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57:10It takes away those high highs and lows.
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57:12So in that sense, if you're living in a world where you're like, "Oh my God, I feel the anxiety of having to justify my existence every day,"
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57:17Getting high isn't such a bad idea, right?
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57:19I mean, you wanna escape in a sense, you wanna find comfort, but you also wanna find a foundation that feels
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57:26Thirteen. So for Marx, when he says it's an opium for the masses, it provides something like a lasting utopia, it has something of substance that people cling to
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57:34Provides comfort and relief. So in that sense, yeah, I would say it's a very good thing to have over here.
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57:39Would you say then, then to like, if, if you say that like capitalism works out how it's supposed to and you're like, set?
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57:47I'm having trouble explaining this, but you like have the right job, you do the right things, like that would be similar, like you're overdoing that kind of thing
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57:56Like into doing what I'm supposed to be doing.
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57:59Yes and no. So I'm, I'm gonna leave this as an open-ended question that we'll pursue in the
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58:04We're doing all semester
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58:06I would, I would say in a certain sense, capitalism is awesome if you look at it from a very, like, pragmatic standpoint.
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58:13As we're talking about, is it
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58:14Does it feel great to everyone to say you have to presume that you belong to a particular religious way of seeing the world?
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58:21No, not everybody likes that.
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58:23I don't want to have a choice. Capitalism comes in and says as a foundational premise behind how we operate, there is no belief you have to adhere to
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58:31To, to be part of the EA community, you can simply come out here and say, "There's gonna be an open exchange of ideas, things, everything, and that will take care of our problems."
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58:40No one's committing any one particular belief or worldview.
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58:43That appears to be wonderful in some sense, the freedom that a person can experience
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58:48To critique particular communities, ways of life, you can devalue things that someone tried to force on you.
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58:53It's valid, that's not valid to me.
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58:57So in turn, since capitalism appears to promise this massive critique of all things, you are allowed
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59:04To devalue anything. In that sense, you're allowed to critique anything.
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59:09And capitalism fits right into that paradigm, doesn't it?
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59:11So in the modern period, we're questioning
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59:13Religion, we're questioning why you belong here and not there.
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59:16We live in a space right now where we question everything, and that's just like for some people it's
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59:22It gives us a freedom we didn't have before.
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59:25At the same time, it isn't everything we needed it
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59:29Right, that's probably where I learned this semester too.
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59:32Capitalism promotes a certain freedom, but you also don't have a choice with that system.
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59:38Sort of forced to go home and look at the economic consequences, and you're left with time saying, "Do I have to accept the fact that everything can be devalued?"
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59:46Then what is it that I value then?
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59:48Can I have a lasting internal value?
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59:51What does that mean? And it also means something
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59:54Deep anxiety or insecurity because you can say someone, as you put it, like they followed, they got the right job, they're doing this thing, but it also leaves you with this-
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60:02Sense of, do I really know what the experience of satisfaction is?
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60:06Because capitalism thrives, it thrives particularly and uniquely because
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60:11No one is ever fully satisfied. So this is how Ben and he wrote about it, but sort of this in the last class.
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60:20And that, that sense of guilt, that sense that I'm not good enough, I'll put it that way, not good enough.
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60:27That I'm never gonna have enough, that kind of thinking, that never really leaves us either.
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60:34And it's why you see a lot of people say
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60:35I love my job, but it never ends.
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60:38Like I'm constantly on, I always have to do something.
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60:42I'm all in, thinking the next thing I gotta do, and then people start, you have this weird thing where people say, "I'm afraid to retire," like I'm kinda nervous, like if I retire, who am I?
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60:51How will I obtain my satisfactions in life?
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60:54Because I get them directly tied to the way I work, the work that I do.
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60:59You guys might not know this yet, but listen to your parents or grandparents
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61:02Parents or uncles, you'll hear people who are scared to retire because the way in which you derive your identity and your satisfaction comes from the work that you do
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61:10So it does beg the question, do you ever fully feel as if you're satisfied, or is it that the mechanism of satisfaction isn't so regulated for you?
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61:19You don't know what to do without. That becomes the question, "Who would you be without your job?"
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61:25You guys are young enough, hopefully don't do this, but once you go out there and work in the real world, and you meet someone at a party you don't know, especially in a hyper-capitalist context
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61:33First, first question I get from them always is, "So what do you do?
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61:36What do you do?"
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61:38Your job defines you, it's the way in which you orient yourself to your life
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61:42The question becomes, "Who are you beyond that job?" And that terrifies a lot of people.
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61:47So again, it begs several questions. Are we actually
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61:50Out of debt, right, right, right, right, right, guilt.
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61:52Can you ever be good enough to save yourself?
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61:55And that's what's tricky, and in a capitalist system where anything can be devalued, you never really have a secure foundation for that satisfaction
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62:03Religion was much better at that than allowing people, although it never fully did either.
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62:07But religion, I think, sometimes excelled at saying, "You're a good person."
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62:11And you did enough, you can probably feel good about it.
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62:14But even in a lot of religious contexts, there was always that guilt
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62:18You can never really do enough, you can never forgive enough, you're always the sinner, sin is always creeping around the door to get you, and then you feel guilty about that too.
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62:26We're struggling here with all of these things.
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62:28So credit, faith becomes secularized, so to speak, in modern periods, credit and guilt becomes
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62:34I think they're rising by a year and a half.
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62:37You're never gonna have enough, you'll always feel like you're not enough.
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62:40So here, I actually forgot what I was gonna say.
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62:43No, no, no, wait, okay.
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62:46I was, I was gonna say something about capitalism's ties to materiality.
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62:51I think that's fascinating, how like, especially
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62:54When you sever the tie of value to something material, something that is real, it's almost-- I'm draw- I'm drawing-
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63:02logical equivalences from time periods, but it's almost like what the rationalists did, which kind of gave reason bounds to do everything it wanted
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63:11And then gave con the right to say it's metaphysical twaddle.
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63:14Like it's almost as though because now you have completely severed it from what is finite
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63:19It can go on technically ad infinitum, and that's why we're producing more than ever, we're seeing more things than ever, but I don't-
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63:27No, but you're wrapping in this idea. So the individuality, we're back at this
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63:35This idea of my body,
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63:38but this is, this is basically just like pure rationality, and this was like the age is coming about science and technology
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63:44When you live in a space where it's all being materialized, but it's in joint to how a rational framework operates?
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63:50We expect science takes off. That's why it's a uni- part of why it's uniquely modern phenomenon, we're now obsessed with science and things and jobs that don't
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63:59Because we're living in an immaterial space, that's where rationality thrives.
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64:03This is all just pure thought. Does it logically make sense?
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64:06Doesn't
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64:06That rationality flows in the modern period, but it's completely detached from the embodied existence as we actually live.
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64:13So we devalue the
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64:15The body's experience in our modern context, and we elevate the rational.
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64:18That's why I think you get a lot of jobs these days that are science-based, that are deeply detached from
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64:24That's why we're teaching doctors things like
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64:27The patient, you're gonna do, you have to tell them they're gonna die soon.
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64:30You shouldn't try to be empathetic toward them, right?
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64:32Like basic things you shouldn't have to tell a human being.
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64:35But like
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64:35We're so detached from these things in some contexts, and we're having to teach people this stuff.
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64:41You should have the bedside manner, and I see people who work with
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64:44They're not just a body, you know, I mean, that's wild, and yet that's part of what we struggle with here.
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64:50Or someone who's the CEO of a company here
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64:52I hire a bunch of people like, "Hey, goodbye, I'm not here about your life." Like, the way we embody our existence gets devalued.
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65:00This is why I'm
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65:00I was also fascinated by that and I was like, actually body is important, maybe I should listen to my body.
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65:04Maybe my body keeps the score. I'm like, don't wait, let your body be important
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65:09Like it's very important, right? But when you live in a space where we embrace the immateriality of value, we embrace how the rational mind
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65:17Works. We've got all our science works. We make awesome scientific experiments and we have this great invention and we love technology and, and we kind of downplay
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65:25The actual material body, the existence of life, I'm not sure how to relate to our bodies anymore.
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65:29It's a deeply philosophical question. Also, hence the ecological crisis
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65:34That's not what we're doing around this. Like, you can destroy the environment, just do whatever you want to it, 'cause we're making progress, we're, we're achieving the next goal.
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65:41Let's make the next
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65:42Discovery, sacrifice it to science. I mean, we, we do risk those temptations.
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65:47But hear me clearly, I'm not trashing those things.
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65:50I love science
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65:50That's awesome, but I'm just trying to say a completely detached rational framework that science obviously thrives in is also deeply
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65:58problematic because it says don't care about your community, your family, even your body or the environment.
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66:03We're gonna do what we have to do to achieve relief from our anxiety
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66:07And said, "Fully efficient, productive capitalism works very well with that.
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66:12But then you're just like saying, "Isn't it worth my existence in this sense?" And then we have trouble locating those value points, 'cause they can all be devalued.
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66:20Oh, we're on that side. But I will say as the last point, yes, these are good examples.
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66:24We can devalue anything, which includes our own bodies, our own emotional experiences
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66:29It includes, it's a long, it's a long laundry list.
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66:31The environment, animals, we can devalue anything, right?
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66:35But isn't that precisely
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66:36Deeply problematic, and that's why we're here discussing this.
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66:39So we'll come back to all of that too.
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66:48And then I
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66:53So, what's the next one?
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