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S

Speaker

51:32

You know, it's a rare commodity in the earth, so we ascribe value to it.

S

Speaker

51:36

I think it felt good because we look at gold and we say, "See, there's only so much..."

S

Speaker

51:40

Of it, it has a lasting value, and it feels really nice to be attached to something physically where we know the value will stay on exactly the same

S

Speaker

51:49

Gold will always be valuable.

S

Speaker

51:51

That feels nice. So I can have people talk about land and property these days.

S

Speaker

51:54

Buy a property, it will always be valuable.

S

Speaker

51:56

Having land will always be valuable, 'cause it's unlimited.

S

Speaker

52:00

That idea, I think, ties back to this basic foundational premise that there are eternal values, things that last

S

Speaker

52:07

That will never leave you, they will always stay there.

S

Speaker

52:10

That is a vast and hard contrast with the principle of capitalism, which is anything can be developed.

S

Speaker

52:17

So for centuries it was very important

S

Speaker

52:21

Christian missionaries used to say a sacrament is a specific material thing that can never be devalued, and if you have a fake thing that-

S

Speaker

52:29

Is it real? Is it sacred? We're gonna call it a fetish.

S

Speaker

52:31

Is this device very important to the battery?

S

Speaker

52:33

There are real sacred eternal things that never change by it, and there are fake things.

S

Speaker

52:37

And Mark's a total brain dead idea.

S

Speaker

52:40

Now we live in a space where we're like, I don't know, does anything have eternal value?

S

Speaker

52:45

Don't values just keep changing? Isn't that the brilliance of capitalism that the thing you thought was once valuable, now you can actually devalue it?

S

Speaker

52:53

Or it's worth a ton.

S

Speaker

52:56

But then living in that kind of a world for long enough, you also begin to wonder, do I have a solid foundation under my feet?

S

Speaker

53:02

Does anything last? Is anything meaningful?

S

Speaker

53:05

You know this idea with jobs, right? How people used to have jobs, but like one job for their whole career, and now it's like, how many times will you switch your jobs?

S

Speaker

53:15

Of course you're creating like seven, eight, nine, ten, who knows?

S

Speaker

53:17

You begin to wonder, "Well, I lived in this community for a long time, I might have to move to other cities."

S

Speaker

53:21

Other parts of the year. Well, I feel like I'm actually going to be in one place.

S

Speaker

53:25

What is my foundation? Well, I then drift to my partner, maybe the person I choose to be

S

Speaker

53:29

You have nobody else in for me, and we'll get married and be happy, but will that last?

S

Speaker

53:33

Or will I get divorced several times?

S

Speaker

53:35

You don't even have to wonder, right? 'Cause even marriage, that was something that religions, Catholicism, Buddhism, they would say it's an eternal value, right?

S

Speaker

53:43

It lasts forever, and now they're kind of like, well, I don't know, shit happens, and then maybe you, you know, get divorced.

S

Speaker

53:50

Okay, we re-married again. We've had to lesson up on that one.

S

Speaker

53:54

That's part of this secular mindset we're living in.

S

Speaker

53:57

Nothing seems fixed.

S

Speaker

53:59

I can understand and listen carefully to this.

S

Speaker

54:02

I can understand how some people say, "I'm just gonna go back to being like hardcore religious."

S

Speaker

54:07

This looks really appealing. There are values that don't change.

S

Speaker

54:10

I want, I want to have them as a foundation in my life.

S

Speaker

54:14

I want to know something

S

Speaker

54:15

It can't be shaken again. And specifically as a response to the unstable world I'm living in, which in part, at least, or maybe significantly, is caused by a capitalist structure

S

Speaker

54:25

I have a lot of sympathy with that, I have a lot of empathy for that.

S

Speaker

54:28

I'm not knocking that.

S

Speaker

54:30

It makes a lot of sense.

S

Speaker

54:32

If you wonder why fundamentalism in religious terms is a particularly unique modern phenomenon, that's partly why

S

Speaker

54:39

The world is very shaken. People aren't sure where value lies, and then people come and say, "Value lies in religion.

S

Speaker

54:45

Don't ever leave it. These things are eternal."

S

Speaker

54:47

Okay, I'll breathe a sigh of relief. And maybe I won't be so anxious all the time, right?

S

Speaker

54:52

Because otherwise, oh my God, I mean, what would we-

S

Speaker

54:55

We have to determine these things. We gotta determine things we never had to determine before.

S

Speaker

54:59

You, you have to know all kinds of things, and then you have to cement your identity and stand up for it in ways people never had to do

S

Speaker

55:06

So listen carefully, I'm not mocking these things, but we have something to even think about these days, like, okay, which, which gender am I?

S

Speaker

55:13

Which pronouns?

S

Speaker

55:15

Which lifestyle will I lead? Will I love someone, heterosexually or homosexually, or, or will I just be queer and defy the labels altogether?

S

Speaker

55:22

What if the food I eat, do I become vegetarian, a pescatarian, and do I justify being a carnivore, and people will be okay with that?

S

Speaker

55:28

Or then, how do I feel about that?

S

Speaker

55:29

And this is, I'm just

S

Speaker

55:30

Touching on some of the, what you know, talked about ones, but the list goes on and on.

S

Speaker

55:35

And I have to defend these, and if I don't, then someone's gonna say, "Well, what do you believe?"

S

Speaker

55:39

You stand for. But I'm just exhausted. I'm not sure I wanna take stands on everything.

S

Speaker

55:43

Which political party are you part of? You know, and you have justified this, and I mean, I can't imagine

S

Speaker

55:47

Being young these days, right? Like you gotta try and find your identity, determine who you are, making all these choices, and then figure out, am I authentically living my best?

S

Speaker

55:56

And then you read magazines about how to lose weight, and you read magazines about how to have the best sex life, and the list goes on and on and all these things.

S

Speaker

56:03

You can't just simply host into an existence and say, "I'm not gonna justify who I am, I don't have to." I just, I have to figure out how to justify quite a few things that

S

Speaker

56:12

People in the past never justify as far as their identity.

S

Speaker

56:15

I'm just wondering, like, about the, like, marks I read a while ago, so I'm trying to

S

Speaker

56:20

I remember in the sense of the idea of, religion as like the opium of the masses, as like distracting yourself from like these bigger

S

Speaker

56:28

Or larger, larger ideas, or that little horse won't, or isn't charging, whatever.

S

Speaker

56:32

It's like that connected also to what you were saying before about the whole

S

Speaker

56:37

Like persistent fixations on how we need to like identify ourselves and what kind of job we have.

S

Speaker

56:42

Like, are we gonna talk about that? Maybe that's a

S

Speaker

56:47

Yeah, I think, I think part of what Marx meant by this, I'm not a Marxist scholar, but I think part of what he meant by this was,

S

Speaker

56:53

But yes, when it provides eternal, lasting values, it's deeply comforting.

S

Speaker

56:58

And if you read Mark's full quote in that context

S

Speaker

57:01

He's not just ripping on religion saying it's like you're taking a drug and you're not facing reality.

S

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57:06

He's not saying it's actually, and it actually provides a lot of alleviation for people.

S

Speaker

57:10

It takes away those high highs and lows.

S

Speaker

57:12

So in that sense, if you're living in a world where you're like, "Oh my God, I feel the anxiety of having to justify my existence every day,"

S

Speaker

57:17

Getting high isn't such a bad idea, right?

S

Speaker

57:19

I mean, you wanna escape in a sense, you wanna find comfort, but you also wanna find a foundation that feels

S

Speaker

57:26

Thirteen. So for Marx, when he says it's an opium for the masses, it provides something like a lasting utopia, it has something of substance that people cling to

S

Speaker

57:34

Provides comfort and relief. So in that sense, yeah, I would say it's a very good thing to have over here.

S

Speaker

57:39

Would you say then, then to like, if, if you say that like capitalism works out how it's supposed to and you're like, set?

S

Speaker

57:47

I'm having trouble explaining this, but you like have the right job, you do the right things, like that would be similar, like you're overdoing that kind of thing

S

Speaker

57:56

Like into doing what I'm supposed to be doing.

S

Speaker

57:59

Yes and no. So I'm, I'm gonna leave this as an open-ended question that we'll pursue in the

S

Speaker

58:04

We're doing all semester

S

Speaker

58:06

I would, I would say in a certain sense, capitalism is awesome if you look at it from a very, like, pragmatic standpoint.

S

Speaker

58:13

As we're talking about, is it

S

Speaker

58:14

Does it feel great to everyone to say you have to presume that you belong to a particular religious way of seeing the world?

S

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58:21

No, not everybody likes that.

S

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58:23

I don't want to have a choice. Capitalism comes in and says as a foundational premise behind how we operate, there is no belief you have to adhere to

S

Speaker

58:31

To, to be part of the EA community, you can simply come out here and say, "There's gonna be an open exchange of ideas, things, everything, and that will take care of our problems."

S

Speaker

58:40

No one's committing any one particular belief or worldview.

S

Speaker

58:43

That appears to be wonderful in some sense, the freedom that a person can experience

S

Speaker

58:48

To critique particular communities, ways of life, you can devalue things that someone tried to force on you.

S

Speaker

58:53

It's valid, that's not valid to me.

S

Speaker

58:57

So in turn, since capitalism appears to promise this massive critique of all things, you are allowed

S

Speaker

59:04

To devalue anything. In that sense, you're allowed to critique anything.

S

Speaker

59:09

And capitalism fits right into that paradigm, doesn't it?

S

Speaker

59:11

So in the modern period, we're questioning

S

Speaker

59:13

Religion, we're questioning why you belong here and not there.

S

Speaker

59:16

We live in a space right now where we question everything, and that's just like for some people it's

S

Speaker

59:22

It gives us a freedom we didn't have before.

S

Speaker

59:25

At the same time, it isn't everything we needed it

S

Speaker

59:29

Right, that's probably where I learned this semester too.

S

Speaker

59:32

Capitalism promotes a certain freedom, but you also don't have a choice with that system.

S

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59:38

Sort of forced to go home and look at the economic consequences, and you're left with time saying, "Do I have to accept the fact that everything can be devalued?"

S

Speaker

59:46

Then what is it that I value then?

S

Speaker

59:48

Can I have a lasting internal value?

S

Speaker

59:51

What does that mean? And it also means something

S

Speaker

59:54

Deep anxiety or insecurity because you can say someone, as you put it, like they followed, they got the right job, they're doing this thing, but it also leaves you with this-

S

Speaker

60:02

Sense of, do I really know what the experience of satisfaction is?

S

Speaker

60:06

Because capitalism thrives, it thrives particularly and uniquely because

S

Speaker

60:11

No one is ever fully satisfied. So this is how Ben and he wrote about it, but sort of this in the last class.

S

Speaker

60:20

And that, that sense of guilt, that sense that I'm not good enough, I'll put it that way, not good enough.

S

Speaker

60:27

That I'm never gonna have enough, that kind of thinking, that never really leaves us either.

S

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60:34

And it's why you see a lot of people say

S

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60:35

I love my job, but it never ends.

S

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60:38

Like I'm constantly on, I always have to do something.

S

Speaker

60:42

I'm all in, thinking the next thing I gotta do, and then people start, you have this weird thing where people say, "I'm afraid to retire," like I'm kinda nervous, like if I retire, who am I?

S

Speaker

60:51

How will I obtain my satisfactions in life?

S

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60:54

Because I get them directly tied to the way I work, the work that I do.

S

Speaker

60:59

You guys might not know this yet, but listen to your parents or grandparents

S

Speaker

61:02

Parents or uncles, you'll hear people who are scared to retire because the way in which you derive your identity and your satisfaction comes from the work that you do

S

Speaker

61:10

So it does beg the question, do you ever fully feel as if you're satisfied, or is it that the mechanism of satisfaction isn't so regulated for you?

S

Speaker

61:19

You don't know what to do without. That becomes the question, "Who would you be without your job?"

S

Speaker

61:25

You guys are young enough, hopefully don't do this, but once you go out there and work in the real world, and you meet someone at a party you don't know, especially in a hyper-capitalist context

S

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61:33

First, first question I get from them always is, "So what do you do?

S

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61:36

What do you do?"

S

Speaker

61:38

Your job defines you, it's the way in which you orient yourself to your life

S

Speaker

61:42

The question becomes, "Who are you beyond that job?" And that terrifies a lot of people.

S

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61:47

So again, it begs several questions. Are we actually

S

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61:50

Out of debt, right, right, right, right, right, guilt.

S

Speaker

61:52

Can you ever be good enough to save yourself?

S

Speaker

61:55

And that's what's tricky, and in a capitalist system where anything can be devalued, you never really have a secure foundation for that satisfaction

S

Speaker

62:03

Religion was much better at that than allowing people, although it never fully did either.

S

Speaker

62:07

But religion, I think, sometimes excelled at saying, "You're a good person."

S

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62:11

And you did enough, you can probably feel good about it.

S

Speaker

62:14

But even in a lot of religious contexts, there was always that guilt

S

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62:18

You can never really do enough, you can never forgive enough, you're always the sinner, sin is always creeping around the door to get you, and then you feel guilty about that too.

S

Speaker

62:26

We're struggling here with all of these things.

S

Speaker

62:28

So credit, faith becomes secularized, so to speak, in modern periods, credit and guilt becomes

S

Speaker

62:34

I think they're rising by a year and a half.

S

Speaker

62:37

You're never gonna have enough, you'll always feel like you're not enough.

S

Speaker

62:40

So here, I actually forgot what I was gonna say.

S

Speaker

62:43

No, no, no, wait, okay.

S

Speaker

62:46

I was, I was gonna say something about capitalism's ties to materiality.

S

Speaker

62:51

I think that's fascinating, how like, especially

S

Speaker

62:54

When you sever the tie of value to something material, something that is real, it's almost-- I'm draw- I'm drawing-

S

Speaker

63:02

logical equivalences from time periods, but it's almost like what the rationalists did, which kind of gave reason bounds to do everything it wanted

S

Speaker

63:11

And then gave con the right to say it's metaphysical twaddle.

S

Speaker

63:14

Like it's almost as though because now you have completely severed it from what is finite

S

Speaker

63:19

It can go on technically ad infinitum, and that's why we're producing more than ever, we're seeing more things than ever, but I don't-

S

Speaker

63:27

No, but you're wrapping in this idea. So the individuality, we're back at this

S

Speaker

63:35

This idea of my body,

S

Speaker

63:38

but this is, this is basically just like pure rationality, and this was like the age is coming about science and technology

S

Speaker

63:44

When you live in a space where it's all being materialized, but it's in joint to how a rational framework operates?

S

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63:50

We expect science takes off. That's why it's a uni- part of why it's uniquely modern phenomenon, we're now obsessed with science and things and jobs that don't

S

Speaker

63:59

Because we're living in an immaterial space, that's where rationality thrives.

S

Speaker

64:03

This is all just pure thought. Does it logically make sense?

S

Speaker

64:06

Doesn't

S

Speaker

64:06

That rationality flows in the modern period, but it's completely detached from the embodied existence as we actually live.

S

Speaker

64:13

So we devalue the

S

Speaker

64:15

The body's experience in our modern context, and we elevate the rational.

S

Speaker

64:18

That's why I think you get a lot of jobs these days that are science-based, that are deeply detached from

S

Speaker

64:24

That's why we're teaching doctors things like

S

Speaker

64:27

The patient, you're gonna do, you have to tell them they're gonna die soon.

S

Speaker

64:30

You shouldn't try to be empathetic toward them, right?

S

Speaker

64:32

Like basic things you shouldn't have to tell a human being.

S

Speaker

64:35

But like

S

Speaker

64:35

We're so detached from these things in some contexts, and we're having to teach people this stuff.

S

Speaker

64:41

You should have the bedside manner, and I see people who work with

S

Speaker

64:44

They're not just a body, you know, I mean, that's wild, and yet that's part of what we struggle with here.

S

Speaker

64:50

Or someone who's the CEO of a company here

S

Speaker

64:52

I hire a bunch of people like, "Hey, goodbye, I'm not here about your life." Like, the way we embody our existence gets devalued.

S

Speaker

65:00

This is why I'm

S

Speaker

65:00

I was also fascinated by that and I was like, actually body is important, maybe I should listen to my body.

S

Speaker

65:04

Maybe my body keeps the score. I'm like, don't wait, let your body be important

S

Speaker

65:09

Like it's very important, right? But when you live in a space where we embrace the immateriality of value, we embrace how the rational mind

S

Speaker

65:17

Works. We've got all our science works. We make awesome scientific experiments and we have this great invention and we love technology and, and we kind of downplay

S

Speaker

65:25

The actual material body, the existence of life, I'm not sure how to relate to our bodies anymore.

S

Speaker

65:29

It's a deeply philosophical question. Also, hence the ecological crisis

S

Speaker

65:34

That's not what we're doing around this. Like, you can destroy the environment, just do whatever you want to it, 'cause we're making progress, we're, we're achieving the next goal.

S

Speaker

65:41

Let's make the next

S

Speaker

65:42

Discovery, sacrifice it to science. I mean, we, we do risk those temptations.

S

Speaker

65:47

But hear me clearly, I'm not trashing those things.

S

Speaker

65:50

I love science

S

Speaker

65:50

That's awesome, but I'm just trying to say a completely detached rational framework that science obviously thrives in is also deeply

S

Speaker

65:58

problematic because it says don't care about your community, your family, even your body or the environment.

S

Speaker

66:03

We're gonna do what we have to do to achieve relief from our anxiety

S

Speaker

66:07

And said, "Fully efficient, productive capitalism works very well with that.

S

Speaker

66:12

But then you're just like saying, "Isn't it worth my existence in this sense?" And then we have trouble locating those value points, 'cause they can all be devalued.

S

Speaker

66:20

Oh, we're on that side. But I will say as the last point, yes, these are good examples.

S

Speaker

66:24

We can devalue anything, which includes our own bodies, our own emotional experiences

S

Speaker

66:29

It includes, it's a long, it's a long laundry list.

S

Speaker

66:31

The environment, animals, we can devalue anything, right?

S

Speaker

66:35

But isn't that precisely

S

Speaker

66:36

Deeply problematic, and that's why we're here discussing this.

S

Speaker

66:39

So we'll come back to all of that too.

S

Speaker

66:48

And then I

S

Speaker

66:53

So, what's the next one?

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