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2 - LABORATORY CHEMICALS, SUPPLIES, AND EQUIPMENT-3.pdf Flashcards
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2 - LABORATORY CHEMICALS, SUPPLIES, AND EQUIPMENT-3.pdf Flashcards
2 - LABORATORY CHEMICALS, SUPPLIES, AND EQUIPMENT-3.pdf Flashcards
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1
Question
What is the purpose of clinical chemistry?
Answer
To facilitate the correct performance of analytic procedures that yield accurate and precise information aiding patient diagnosis and treatment.
2
Question
What is the role of clinical laboratory scientists?
Answer
To correctly use basic supplies and equipment and possess an understanding of fundamental concepts critical to any analytic procedure.
3
Question
What are the two components of quantitative laboratory results?
Answer
1. Actual Value 2. Unit System
4
Question
What is the SI unit system?
Answer
Adopted internationally in 1960, preferred in scientific literature and clinical laboratories, and is the only system used in many countries based on the metric system.
5
Question
What are analytical chemicals?
Answer
Chemicals suitable for use in most analytical laboratory procedures, essential for accuracy in qualitative and quantitative analyses.
6
Question
What is AR grade analytical reagents?
Answer
Established by the American Chemical Society (ACS), these reagents state actual impurities for each chemical lot or list maximum allowable impurities.
7
Question
What is Ultrpure (UP) grade?
Answer
Chemicals that have gone through additional purification steps.
8
Question
What is the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF)?
Answer
Used for manufacturing drugs; approved for human consumption, with limitations based only on the criterion of not being injurious to individuals.
9
Question
What is Chemically Pure (CP)?
Answer
The impurity limitations are not stated, and preparation of these chemicals is not uniform; purity is usually delivered by measurement of melting or boiling points.
10
Question
What is Technical or Commercial Grade?
Answer
Used primarily in manufacturing and should never be used in the clinical laboratory.
11
Question
What are the types of water specifications according to CLSI?
Answer
A. Clinical Laboratory Reagent Water (CLRW) B. Special Reagent Water (SRW) C. Instrument Feed Water D. Water Supplied by Method Manufacturer E. Autoclave and Wash Water F. Commercially Bottled Purified Water.
12
Question
What is Type I water purity used for?
Answer
Used for test methods requiring minimum interference, such as trace metal, iron enzyme analyses, and requires maximum water purity for accuracy and precision.
13
Question
What is Type II water purity acceptable for?
Answer
Acceptable for most analytic requirements, including reagent quality control and standard preparation for qualitative chemistry procedures.
14
Question
What is Type III water typically used for?
Answer
Tap water used for washing glassware but not for reagent preparation, usually for urinalysis, parasitology, and histology.
15
Question
What is the common type of glassware used in laboratory for volume measurement?
Answer
High thermal resistant glass, usually a low borosilicate glass with a high degree of thermal resistance.
16
Question
What is High Silica Glass used for?
Answer
Used for high precision analytical work and for optical reflectors and mirrors, capable of withstanding high temperatures.
17
Question
What is Low Actinic Glass?
Answer
Glass that reduces the amount of light passing through the substance, providing protection to reagents sensitive to light.
18
Question
What are Coated Glassware used for?
Answer
Have thin metallic oxide bonded to the surface for electronic applications as heat shields to protect against infrared light.
19
Question
What are Polyolefins?
Answer
Unique group of resins with relatively inert properties, unaffected by acids, alkali, salt solutions, and can be autoclaved.
20
Question
What is Tygon?
Answer
A non-toxic clear plastic used to handle most chemicals but should not be subjected to prolonged immersion in certain solvents.
21
Question
What are the three major types of thermometers?
Answer
1. Liquid in Glass Thermometers 2. Electronic Thermometers or Thermistor Probes 3. Digital Thermometers.
22
Question
What is a liquid in glass thermometer?
Answer
Uses a colored liquid or mercury encased in plastic or glass, with different types for partial immersion, total immersion, and surface measurements.
23
Question
What are the advantages of electronic thermometers?
Answer
Accurate fast reading with size and millisecond response time.
24
Question
What is the disadvantage of electronic thermometers?
Answer
Initial cost.
25
Question
What is the definition of primary standard reference materials?
Answer
Highly purified chemicals measured directly to produce a substance of exact known concentration and purity, certified by NIST.
26
Question
What is a secondary standard?
Answer
A substance of lower purity with concentration determined by comparison with a primary standard.
27
Question
What is the process of distillation in purifying water?
Answer
Results in distilled water by boiling and vaporizing water, removing almost all organic materials.
28
Question
What is reverse osmosis in water purification?
Answer
Pumps water across a semipermeable membrane to produce RO water, removing contaminants but not dissolved gases.
29
Question
What is the definition of Analytical Grade?
Answer
Contains impurity below certain levels established by ACS.
30
Question
What is the role of the American Chemical Society (ACS) regarding chemical grades?
Answer
Establishes standards for the purity levels of various grades of chemicals used in laboratories.