/
Pt.1 Exam Respiratory System: Understanding the Respiratory System: From Air Path to Lung Mechanics
Save to my account
Sign up
Pt.1 Exam Respiratory System: Understanding the Respiratory System: From Air Path to Lung Mechanics
Untitled Flashcards
Study
1
Question
Path of air from external nares to alveolus
Answer
External nares ➡ nasal cavity ➡ pharynx ➡ larynx ➡ trachea ➡ bronchi ➡ bronchioles ➡ alveoli
2
Question
How is the trachea held open?
Answer
Incomplete rings of cartilage
3
Question
Relationship of pleura and lungs
Answer
Pleura surrounds lungs and lines chest cavity, produces fluid for lubrication, ensures synchronized movement during breathing, and prevents lung collapse.
4
Question
Structures of the pleura
Answer
1. Visceral Pleura: Inner layer in direct contact with lungs. 2. Parietal Pleura: Outer layer lining inside of chest cavity. 3. Pleural Cavity: Space between visceral and parietal pleurae, containing pleural fluid.
5
Question
Bronchial tree components
Answer
Trachea, Primary Bronchi, Secondary Bronchi, Tertiary Bronchi, Bronchioles, Terminal Bronchioles, Respiratory zone
6
Question
Respiratory zone structures
Answer
Respiratory Bronchioles, Alveolar Ducts, Alveolar Sacs, Alveoli
7
Question
Structure of an alveolus
Answer
Alveolar Wall, Capillaries, Type II Pneumocytes, Interstitial Fluid, Macrophages
8
Question
Structure of the respiratory membrane
Answer
Alveolar Epithelium, Interstitial Space, Capillary Endothelium, Basement Membranes
9
Question
Muscles of Inspiration
Answer
Diaphragm (main muscle) and External intercostal muscles (supporting muscles)
10
Question
Process of Inspiration
Answer
Muscles contract, thoracic cavity expands, lungs draw in air
11
Question
Quiet Expiration
Answer
Passive process, muscles relax, elastic recoil pushes air out
12
Question
Deep Inspiration
Answer
Increased force by diaphragm and external intercostals, sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles contract to lift rib cage further
13
Question
Forced Expiration
Answer
Requires contraction of muscles to push air out
14
Question
What is the process of inspiration in the respiratory system?
Answer
Muscles contract, thoracic cavity expands, lungs expand drawing in air
15
Question
Describe quiet expiration (breathing out) in the respiratory system.
Answer
Passive process, muscles relax, elastic recoil of lungs and chest wall pushes air out
16
Question
What is deep inspiration (heavy breathing) in the respiratory system characterized by?
Answer
Increased force by diaphragm and external intercostals, sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles contract to lift rib cage further
17
Question
Explain forced expiration (exhaling with force) in the respiratory system.
Answer
Requires contraction of expiratory muscles, internal intercostal muscles depress rib cage, abdominal muscles contract to compress abdominal cavity and push organs against diaphragm
18
Question
What is Boyle's Law and how does it relate to breathing and pressure gradients?
Answer
States that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to the volume of its container. In breathing, pressure changes cause air to move into the lungs based on pressure gradients
19
Question
What are the types of pressures involved in breathing?
Answer
Atmospheric pressure, intrapulmonary pressure, intrapleural pressure
20
Question
Explain the suction effect in the respiratory system.
Answer
Lower intrapleural pressure creates a suction effect, pulling lungs outward, similar to suction cups sticking to a shower wall
21
Question
Describe the process of inspiration (breathing in) in the respiratory system.
Answer
Muscles expand thoracic cavity and lungs, intrapulmonary pressure decreases below atmospheric pressure, air flows into lungs due to pressure gradient
22
Question
Explain the process of expiration (breathing out) in the respiratory system.
Answer
Thoracic cavity and lungs decrease in volume, intrapulmonary pressure increases above atmospheric pressure, air flows out of lungs due to pressure gradient
23
Question
What is pneumothorax and how does it affect the respiratory system?
Answer
Puncture in chest wall creates opening between atmosphere and pleural space, air rushes into pleural cavity, equalizing pressure and reducing suction, lung on that side collapses due to loss of suction
24
Question
What is residual capacity in the context of the respiratory system?
Answer
When muscles of respiration are relaxed and there is no air flow, lungs deflate passively back to the functional residual capacity, average adult male has about 2400 milliliters
25
Question
Define tidal volume in the respiratory system.
Answer
The amount of air you inhale and exhale with each breath, around 500 milliliters during quiet breathing
26
Question
What is anatomical dead space in the respiratory system?
Answer
Not all the air in a breath makes it to the alveoli, some remains in the trachea, bronchi, and other conducting airways, panting only ventilates the anatomical dead space
27
Question
What is inspiratory reserve volume in the respiratory system?
Answer
The extra air that you can inhale
28
Question
Explain expiratory reserve volume in the respiratory system.
Answer
Extra amount you can exhale with contraction of expiratory muscles
29
Question
Define vital capacity in the context of the respiratory system.
Answer
The maximum amount of air that you can inhale and then exhale
30
Question
What is residual volume in the respiratory system?
Answer
Minimal lung volume that cannot be expired, helps prevent alveoli and lung airway from collapsing