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Plant & Animal Tissues
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Plant & Animal Tissues
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1
Question
What is tissue?
Answer
Tissue is a group of cells having similar structure and function.
2
Question
What are the four types of animal tissues?
Answer
1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscle 4. Nervous
3
Question
What types of epithelial tissue are there?
Answer
1. Simple Cuboidal 2. Simple Columnar 3. Simple Squamous 4. Stratified Squamous 5. Stratified Cuboidal 6. Stratified Columnar 7. Pseudostratified Columnar
4
Question
What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?
Answer
Epithelial tissue is made of tightly joined closely packed cells. It covers the outside of the body and lines the internal organs and cavities. It acts as a barrier against mechanical injury, invasive microorganisms, and fluid loss, and provides a surface for absorption, excretion, and transport of molecules.
5
Question
Where can epithelial tissues be found?
Answer
Epithelial tissues can be found in different areas, including body coverings, body linings, and glandular tissue.
6
Question
What are the functions of epithelial tissues?
Answer
The functions of epithelial tissues include protection, absorption, filtration, and secretion.
7
Question
How is epithelium classified?
Answer
Epithelium is classified by the number of cell layers (simple - one layer, stratified - more than one layer) and by the shape of cells (squamous - flattened, cuboidal - cube shaped, columnar - column like).
8
Question
Describe simple cuboidal epithelium.
Answer
Simple cuboidal epithelium consists of a single layer of cube-like cells. It is common in glands and their ducts, forms walls of kidney tubules, and covers the ovaries.
9
Question
Describe simple columnar epithelium.
Answer
Simple columnar epithelium consists of a single layer of tall cells and often includes goblet cells which produce mucus. It lines the digestive tract.
10
Question
Describe simple squamous epithelium.
Answer
Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of flat cells. It usually forms membranes and lines body cavities, lungs, and capillaries.
11
Question
Describe stratified squamous epithelium.
Answer
Stratified squamous epithelium lines the esophagus, mouth, and vagina, and protects against abrasion.
12
Question
Describe stratified cuboidal epithelium.
Answer
Stratified cuboidal epithelium consists of multiple layers of cuboidal cells found in sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, ovarian follicles, and seminiferous tubules of the testes.
13
Question
Describe stratified columnar epithelium.
Answer
Stratified columnar epithelium consists of multiple layers of columnar cells found in the conjunctiva of the eye, parts of the pharynx, anus, uterus, male urethra, and vas deferens.
14
Question
Describe pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
Answer
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium consists of a single layer of cells for lining the respiratory tract, usually lined with cilia. It often looks like a double cell layer and may function in absorption or secretion.
15
Question
What are the types of connective tissue?
Answer
1. Blood 2. Bone 3. Cartilage 4. Connective Tissue Proper (CTP)
16
Question
What are meristematic tissues?
Answer
Meristematic tissues are found in the growing regions of the plant, like the tips of roots, stems, and branches. They divide continuously and help in the growth of the plant.
17
Question
What are the three types of meristematic tissues?
Answer
The three types of meristematic tissues are Apical meristematic tissues, Lateral meristematic tissues, and Intercalary meristematic tissues.
18
Question
Where are apical meristematic tissues located and what is their function?
Answer
Apical meristematic tissues are present in the tips of stems and roots. They help in the growth of stems and roots.
19
Question
Where are lateral meristematic tissues located and what is their function?
Answer
Lateral meristematic tissues are present in the sides of stems and roots. They help to increase the girth of the stems and roots.
20
Question
Where are intercalary meristematic tissues located and what is their function?
Answer
Intercalary meristematic tissues are present at the base of leaves and internodes. They help in the growth of those parts.
21
Question
What are permanent tissues?
Answer
Permanent tissues are formed from meristematic tissues. They do not divide and have a permanent shape and size.
22
Question
What are the two main types of permanent tissues?
Answer
The two main types of permanent tissues are Simple permanent tissues and Complex permanent tissues.
23
Question
What are simple permanent tissues and what are their types?
Answer
Simple permanent tissues are made up of one type of cells. They are of three types: Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma.
24
Question
Describe Parenchyma tissue. What are its functions?
Answer
Parenchyma is made up of loosely packed, thin-walled cells having more intercellular spaces. It contains chloroplasts and prepares food by photosynthesis. It has large air cavities which help the plant to float on water and store water and minerals.
25
Question
Describe Collenchyma tissue. What are its functions?
Answer
Collenchyma has less intercellular spaces and is thicker at the corners. It provides flexibility and allows easy bending of different parts like stems and leaves, giving mechanical support to the plant.
26
Question
Describe Sclerenchyma tissue. What are its characteristics?
Answer
Sclerenchyma consists of long, narrow, dead, thick-walled cells. The cell walls contain lignin, a chemical substance which acts like cement and hardens them.
27
Question
What are complex permanent tissues made of and what are their types?
Answer
Complex permanent tissues are made up of more than one type of cell. There are two types of complex tissues: Xylem and Phloem.
28
Question
What is the function of Xylem?
Answer
Xylem consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibers. Tracheids and vessels help to transport water and minerals from roots to all parts of the plant.
29
Question
What is the function of Phloem?
Answer
Phloem consists of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibers. The sieve tubes and companion cells transport food from leaves to all parts of the plant.