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Physical Growth, Puberty, and Neuron Basics
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Physical Growth, Puberty, and Neuron Basics
Physical Growth, Puberty, and Neuron Basics
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1
Question
Which two prenatal growth patterns continue after birth?
Page 3
Answer
Cephalocaudal and proximodistal development.
2
Question
Infancy extends from birth to approximately _____.
Page 4
Answer
18 to 24 months
3
Question
Which broad pattern characterizes height and weight changes during infancy?
Page 4
Answer
Height and weight increase rapidly.
4
Question
Early childhood in this framework spans approximately which ages?
Page 5
Answer
Ages 2–5 years.
5
Question
Which body proportions are described as larger in early childhood?
Page 5
Answer
The head and torso are larger.
6
Question
How does growth typically proceed during middle and late childhood?
Page 6
Answer
Growth is slow and consistent.
7
Question
Middle and late childhood spans approximately which ages?
Page 6
Answer
About ages 6–11 years.
8
Question
During middle and late childhood, how much height do children typically gain yearly?
Page 6
Answer
About 2–3 inches per year.
9
Question
During middle and late childhood, how much weight do children typically gain yearly?
Page 6
Answer
About 5–7 pounds per year.
10
Question
Which body systems account mainly for growth in middle and late childhood?
Page 6
Answer
The skeletal and muscular systems.
11
Question
Which event is identified as the important marker for adolescence beginning?
Page 7
Answer
Puberty.
12
Question
Which age ranges distinguish early from late adolescence?
Page 7
Answer
Early adolescence: 10–14 years. Late adolescence: 15–18 or 19 years.
13
Question
What characterizes the growth surge associated with adolescence?
Page 7
Answer
A period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes.
14
Question
Which term describes physical-development changes from one generation to the next?
Page 8
Answer
Secular trends.
15
Question
Which ages mark precocious puberty in girls and boys, respectively?
Page 8
Answer
Before age 8 for girls; before age 9 for boys.
16
Question
Which reproductive changes define primary sex characteristics?
Page 9
Answer
Changes in organs directly involved in sexual reproduction.
17
Question
How do secondary sex characteristics differ from primary characteristics?
Page 9
Answer
They are physical signs of maturity not directly linked to reproductive organs.
18
Question
Which environmental influences are listed as affecting puberty?
Page 10
Answer
Nutrition, health, family stress, father absence, and low socioeconomic status.
19
Question
How does heredity relate to the timing of puberty?
Page 11
Answer
Puberty timing is programmed into genes; specific associated genes are being investigated.
20
Question
Which biological components are identified as important in puberty?
Page 11
Answer
Hormones, the brain, and glands.
21
Question
Which endocrine substances act as chemical messengers?
Page 12
Answer
Hormones are chemical messengers in endocrine glands.
22
Question
Which hormone is identified as an androgen?
Page 12
Answer
Testosterone.
23
Question
Which hormone is identified as an estrogen?
Page 12
Answer
Estradiol.
24
Question
Which three structures are involved in controlling hormonal levels?
Page 13
Answer
The hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads.
25
Question
Which bodily activities does the hypothalamus monitor?
Page 14
Answer
Eating, drinking, and sex.
26
Question
Which body level does the hypothalamus monitor?
Page 14
Answer
The hormone level in the body.
27
Question
The hypothalamus is a _____ of the brain.
Page 14
Answer
part
28
Question
Which endocrine gland is associated with growth and regulation of other glands?
Page 15
Answer
The pituitary gland.
29
Question
Which gland is often called the “master gland”?
Page 15
Answer
The pituitary gland.
30
Question
Which reproductive glands are associated with males and females, respectively?
Page 16
Answer
Males: testes. Females: ovaries.