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Cardiac Dysrhythmias and ECG Analysis
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Cardiac Dysrhythmias and ECG Analysis
Cardiac Dysrhythmias and ECG Analysis
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1
Question
What is a dysrhythmia in terms of cardiac conduction?
Page 6
Answer
A disorder of electrical impulse conduction within the heart.
2
Question
Which causes of dysrhythmias are identified in the overview?
Page 6
Answer
Unknown causes, heredity, and cardiac problems.
3
Question
Which three locations classify the types of dysrhythmias?
Page 6
Answer
Atrial, nodal, and ventricular.
4
Question
Which two conduction problems are listed as dysrhythmia types?
Page 6
Answer
Overstimulation and block.
5
Question
How can dysrhythmias affect heart rhythm or rate?
Page 6
Answer
They can make the rhythm or rate too fast or too slow.
6
Question
What hemodynamic consequence of dysrhythmias is identified?
Page 6
Answer
Reduced cardiac output.
7
Question
Which other cardiac problems are listed as dysrhythmia consequences?
Page 6
Answer
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and shock.
8
Question
What electrical event is associated with stimulation that causes muscle-cell contraction?
Page 5
Answer
Depolarization.
9
Question
What electrical event is associated with relaxation of cardiac muscle?
Page 5
Answer
Repolarization.
10
Question
How much of the ejected blood volume is attributed to the atrial kick?
Page 5
Answer
25–30% of the ejected blood volume during ventricular contraction.
11
Question
What happens to heart rate and contraction force with sympathetic stimulation?
Page 5
Answer
Heart rate and the force of myocardial contraction increase.
12
Question
What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on cardiac workload?
Page 5
Answer
It increases heart workload.
13
Question
Which structures carry impulses through the heart's conduction system?
Page 4
Answer
The sinoatrial node, internodal tracts, Bachmann's bundle, atrioventricular node, and right and left bundle branches.
14
Question
Which heart rate range is given for sinus rhythm?
Page 11
Answer
60–100 per minute.
15
Question
What RR-interval pattern characterizes sinus rhythm?
Page 11
Answer
The RR interval is regular.
16
Question
What P-wave appearance is described for sinus rhythm?
Page 11
Answer
P waves have a normal, consistent shape.
17
Question
What PR interval range is given for sinus rhythm?
Page 11
Answer
0.12–0.2 seconds.
18
Question
How is the QRS complex described for sinus rhythm?
Page 11
Answer
It is narrow (normal), with a duration of 0.12 seconds.
19
Question
What P:QRS ratio is given for sinus rhythm?
Page 11
Answer
1:1.
20
Question
Which measurements and waveform features are reviewed in systematic ECG analysis?
Page 10
Answer
Heart rate and rhythm, QRS duration and shape, P-wave presence and shape, PR intervals, ST elevation or depression, and the P:QRS ratio.
21
Question
What patient activity information is recorded during Holter ECG monitoring?
Page 8
Answer
Patients note their activities when they feel discomfort, including the time and duration of the activity.
22
Question
What is the nurse looking for when tracing Holter ECG recordings?
Page 8
Answer
Abnormal rhythms in relation to the time and duration of activities.
23
Question
Which cardiac features can an echocardiogram evaluate?
Page 9
Answer
Valves and wall thickness, myocardial-wall movement, blood flow, murmurs or bruits, and estimated cardiac output.
24
Question
What nursing role is described during an echocardiogram?
Page 9
Answer
The nurse assists the doctor and provides the patient with support and comfort during the procedure.
25
Question
What electrical disturbance defines a cardiac dysrhythmia?
Page 12
Answer
A disorder of electrical impulse formation, conduction, or both within the heart.
26
Question
How can dysrhythmias affect the heart's pumping action?
Page 12
Answer
Changes in conduction can alter the force of the heart’s pumping action.
27
Question
What blood pressure effect is listed for dysrhythmias?
Page 12
Answer
Blood pressure may decrease.
28
Question
When might a dysrhythmia require no treatment?
Page 13
Answer
When it has no signs or symptoms and no potential complications, treatment may not be needed.
29
Question
What is usually related to dysrhythmia signs and symptoms?
Page 13
Answer
Inadequate cardiac output.
30
Question
What are the three main aims of dysrhythmia treatment?
Page 13
Answer
Restore cardiac function, treat underlying causes, and prevent complications.