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Learning Disabilities and Educational Support
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Learning Disabilities and Educational Support
Learning Disabilities and Educational Support
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1
Question
Ability-achievement discrepancy
Answer
A criterion used to identify learning disabilities when there is a significant gap between an individual's intellectual potential (IQ) and actual academic performance.
2
Question
Abstraction
Answer
The ability to deduce general meanings and infer abstract concepts from words or symbols.
3
Question
ADHD
Answer
Difficulty for children to control their behaviour and pay attention.
4
Question
Auditory abstraction
Answer
The brain's process of converting raw, low-level sound waves into higher-level, meaningful categories and objects.
5
Question
Auditory lag
Answer
Inability to process spoken language at conversational speed, causing parts of the message to be missed.
6
Question
Auditory Long-Term memory
Answer
The brain's ability to store and recall sounds, words, music, and voices over extended periods, ranging from days to years.
7
Question
Auditory Perceptual disability
Answer
Difficulty interpreting or organizing sensory information within the brain, despite having healthy ears.
8
Question
Auditory Sequencing
Answer
The cognitive ability to perceive, understand, and recall the correct order of sounds, words, numbers, or musical notes after hearing them.
9
Question
Auditory Short term memory
Answer
The brain's ability to briefly receive, retain, and recall information that you hear, such as spoken words, numbers, or environmental sounds.
10
Question
Autism
Answer
A developmental disability that affects a person's ability to communicate and interact with others.
11
Question
Blending
Answer
Putting individual sounds together to form words.
12
Question
Comprehensive Evaluation
Answer
An interdisciplinary assessment process covering multiple domains, such as cognition, memory, and attention, and contexts such as home and school, to identify a child's strengths and needs.
13
Question
Decode
Answer
The ability to decipher written words by converting letters into their corresponding sounds in order to pronounce them correctly.
14
Question
Developmental Milestones
Answer
The acquisition of skills and abilities, such as crawling and walking, often used to gauge a child's development; they grow over time to form building blocks for growth and continued learning.
15
Question
Dyscalculia/ math disabilities
Answer
Difficulty recognizing numbers, memorizing math facts, aligning columns, and understanding abstract math concepts.
16
Question
Dysgraphia / written language disabilities
Answer
A learning disability affecting written composition, grammar, hand movement, and handwriting.
17
Question
Dyslexia / Reading disabilities
Answer
A specific learning disability affecting accurate word recognition, reading fluency, decoding, and spelling.
18
Question
Emergent Literacy
Answer
The phase of early childhood development when children learn foundational reading, writing, and language skills from birth, before formal instruction begins.
19
Question
FBA (Functional Behavioral Assessment)
Answer
A systematic problem-solving process used to identify the underlying purpose or “function” of a challenging or interfering behavior.
20
Question
Fine Motor Skills
Answer
Small muscle coordination needed for tasks such as writing.
21
Question
Fine Motor Output Disabilities
Answer
Difficulty using fine muscle groups, usually the dominant hand.
22
Question
Gross Motor Skills
Answer
Large muscle group skills, such as running and jumping.
23
Question
Gross Motor Output Disabilities
Answer
Difficulty using large muscle groups.
24
Question
IDEA
Answer
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: a federal law granting children with disabilities access to free and tailored special education when their achievements are substantially below what one might expect.
25
Question
What does IEE stand for, and what does the glossary say about its definition?
Answer
IEE stands for Independent Educational Evaluation. The glossary does not provide a definition.
26
Question
IEP
Answer
Individualized Education Program: a written educational plan customized to address the unique learning needs of a child with a disability.
27
Question
Input
Answer
The initial phase in which sensory information, primarily visual and auditory, enters the brain.
28
Question
Input Disabilities
Answer
Inability of the brain to correctly process information received through the senses. The two types are auditory and visual input disabilities.
29
Question
Integration
Answer
The brain's process of interpreting and making sense of incoming information through sequencing and abstraction.
30
Question
Language disabilities
Answer
Children present no difficulty with spontaneous language but have difficulty with demand language.