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Pharmacology Principles and Drug Kinetics
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Pharmacology Principles and Drug Kinetics
Pharmacology Principles and Drug Kinetics
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1
Question
What is defined as any substance that changes biologic function through its chemical actions?
Page 1
Answer
Drugs
2
Question
What is the relative order of drug-receptor bond strength from strongest to weakest?
Page 1
Answer
Covalent > Electrostatic > Hydrophobic
3
Question
Which branch of pharmacology is defined as the study of how drugs act on the body?
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Answer
Pharmacodynamics
4
Question
Which branch of pharmacology is defined as the study of how the body acts on a drug?
Page 1
Answer
Pharmacokinetics
5
Question
What term describes specific molecules in a biologic system with which drugs interact to produce changes?
Page 1
Answer
Receptors
6
Question
What is the name for a molecule or system that translates the drug-receptor interaction into a change in cellular activity?
Page 1
Answer
Effector
7
Question
What is the definition of Emax or maximal efficacy?
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Answer
Maximum effect an agonist can produce, regardless of dose
8
Question
What term describes the amount of drug required to produce a given effect?
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Answer
Potency
9
Question
What mainly determines the efficacy of a drug?
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Answer
Nature of the receptor and its associated effector system
10
Question
What mainly determines the potency of a drug?
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Answer
Affinity of the receptor for the drug
11
Question
Which graph depicts drug concentration versus the fraction of a population that responds at each dose?
Page 1
Answer
Quantal dose-response curve
12
Question
What is the mathematical formula for the Therapeutic Index?
Page 1
Answer
\(TI = \frac{TD_{50}}{ED_{50}}\)
13
Question
What are the two primary components of a standard dose-response curve?
Page 1
Answer
Emax and \(EC_{50}\) (Potency)
14
Question
Which three components are measured in a Quantal dose-response curve?
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Answer
\(ED_{50}\) (Effective), \(TD_{50}\) (Toxic), and \(LD_{50}\) (Lethal) doses
15
Question
List the drugs with a narrow therapeutic index mentioned in the mnemonic "Amp.. Ang sikip if Car Farin."
Page 1
Answer
Amphotericin B, Aminoglycosides, Carbamazepine, Warfarin, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Lithium, Digoxin, Theophylline, Vancomycin
16
Question
What is a full agonist?
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Answer
Drug capable of fully activating the effector system when it binds to the receptor
17
Question
How does a partial agonist behave in the presence of a full agonist?
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Answer
It acts as an inhibitor or antagonist
18
Question
What is the function of an antagonist?
Page 1
Answer
Blocks or dampens drug response in the presence of an agonist
19
Question
Which pair of drugs serves as an example of a physiologic antagonist?
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Answer
Histamine and Epinephrine
20
Question
What characterizes a chemical antagonist?
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Answer
Interacts directly with the drug molecule to remove it or prevent it from reaching its target
21
Question
What characterizes pharmacologic antagonists?
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Answer
Binds to the same receptor of the drug that it is antagonizing
22
Question
How do competitive (reversible) antagonists affect the dose-response curve?
Page 1
Answer
Shift the curve to the right
23
Question
How do non-competitive (irreversible) antagonists affect the dose-response curve?
Page 1
Answer
Downward shift of the Emax
24
Question
What change in \(K_m\) and \(V_{max}\) characterizes a competitive inhibitor?
Page 1
Answer
Increase in \(K_m\), no change in \(V_{max}\)
25
Question
What change in \(K_m\) and \(V_{max}\) characterizes a non-competitive inhibitor?
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Answer
No change in \(K_m\), decrease in \(V_{max}\)
26
Question
Which drug properties favor absorption, as summarized by the mnemonic LUNA?
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Answer
Lipid soluble, Unionized, Neutral
27
Question
What is the definition of bioavailability?
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Answer
The fraction of administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation
28
Question
Generally, steady state is reached after how many half-lives?
Page 1
Answer
3-4
29
Question
Which route of administration has no absorption phase and 100% bioavailability?
Page 1
Answer
Intravenous
30
Question
How do absorption and excretion change for a weak acid in an acidic environment?
Page 1
Answer
Absorption increases, Excretion decreases