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History Mid term 26
Study
1
Question
The Olmecs
Answer
Flourished in 1200 BC - 400 BC Produced lots of art and architecture Developed trade throughout mesoamerica
2
Question
Mayas
Answer
Strong mathematics and architecture Flourished in 2000 BC - 900 AD Found in modern day Mexico, Belize, Honduras, and Guatemala
3
Question
Incans
Answer
Used system like the Feudal system Stretched from modern day Columbia - Chile 15th to 16th centuries
4
Question
Culture of indigenous North America
Answer
Population was much more dispersed Had few domesticated animals Social system was similar to Egalitarian Not much private land ownership/geograpic borders
5
Question
Sample Question: What broad cultural, social, and religious features did the major Mesoamerican cultures share?
Answer
They all share a polytheistic religion linked with deities and rituals to nature and agriculture many also created monumental architecture and art.
6
Question
What were the “Three Gs” motivating early Portuguese and Spanish overseas expansion?
Answer
God: Spread Christianity through conversion Glory: Increase royal power, prestige, and imperial influence. Gold: Gain wealth through precious metals, valuable goods and spices
7
Question
Which navigator was named Admiral of the Ocean Sea and sailed westward in 1492 seeking a sea route to Asia?
Answer
Christopher Columbus
8
Question
Which Spanish conquistador arrived in Mexico in 1519 and captured Tenochtitlan in 1521 after a 93-day siege?
Answer
Hernán Cortés
9
Question
What was the Columbian Exchange, and give one example of a major transfer in each direction after 1492.
Answer
The Columbian Exchange was the widespread movement of plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in 1492.
10
Question
What economic incentive drove the expansion of early colonial sugar and tobacco plantations, and what labor conditions characterized their production?
Answer
European demand made sugar and tobacco highly profitable. Growing and processing these crops required intensive, dangerous labor, which colonizers supplied largely through the enslavement of Africans.
11
Question
Sample Question: How did Native peoples respond to the presence of Europeans in the Caribbean and/or Central and South America? What were some of the consequences of these cross-cultural encounters?
Answer
Indigenous communities resisted conquest, negotiated with Europeans and sometimes adopted European customs and Christianity. Encounters also brought warfare, forced labor, displacement, and epidemic diseases causing population decline. The decline of the Native population brought an increased need for more labor hence slave labor
12
Question
Which settlement, founded in 1607, became the first permanent English settlement in what is now the United States, and in which colony was it established?
Answer
Jamestown, established in the Virginia colony.
13
Question
How was Plymouth Colony founded in 1620, and how did the Mayflower Compact shape its government?
Answer
English Separatists and other settlers aboard the Mayflower reached Cape Cod in 1620 while intending to settle in the Virginia Colony. Before going ashore, 41 adult male passengers signed the Mayflower Compact, agreeing to form a civil government and obey laws made for the colony’s common good. William Bradford later became a prominent leader and governor of Plymouth.
14
Question
Which New England colony was established in 1630 by a Puritan migration led by John Winthrop?
Answer
The Massachusetts Bay Colony