/
The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Save to my account
Sign up
The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Study
1
Question
Bagaimana jalur gerak refleks berbeda dari jalur gerak biasa?
Answer
Jalur refleks melewati sumsum tulang belakang sebelum mencapai neuron motorik. Jalur gerak biasa melewati otak.
2
Question
Which sequence carries a stimulus through an ordinary movement pathway?
Answer
Stimulus → receptor → sensory neuron → brain → motor neuron → effector → movement.
3
Question
Which sequence carries a stimulus through a reflex movement pathway?
Answer
Stimulus → receptor → sensory neuron → spinal cord → motor neuron → effector → spontaneous movement.
4
Question
How do sensory neurons and motor neurons differ in signal direction?
Answer
Sensory neurons carry signals from receptors to the central nervous system. Motor neurons carry signals from the central nervous system to effectors.
5
Question
How does the myelin sheath affect nerve impulse transmission?
Answer
The fatty insulating layer speeds the transmission of nerve impulses.
6
Question
Which body structures can act as effectors in a response?
Answer
Muscles and glands perform the body's response.
7
Question
How do dendrites and axons differ in their roles?
Answer
Dendrites receive stimuli and carry them toward the cell body. The axon carries signals away from the cell body.
8
Question
Which part of a neuron serves as its control center?
Answer
The cell body, also called the soma.
9
Question
What role does a synapse play between nerve cells?
Answer
A synapse is the gap connecting nerve cells.
10
Question
Where do interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons?
Answer
They connect sensory and motor neurons within the brain or spinal cord.
11
Question
How does the cerebrum contribute to nervous system function?
Answer
The cerebrum is the center for consciousness, thinking, and memory.
12
Question
Which brain region coordinates muscle movement and balance?
Answer
The cerebellum coordinates muscle movement and balance.
13
Question
Which functions are attributed to the midbrain?
Answer
The midbrain connects the brain with glands and regulates visual and auditory reflexes.
14
Question
Which automatic functions does the medulla oblongata regulate?
Answer
It regulates heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.
15
Question
Which structure serves as a control center for reflex movement?
Answer
The spinal cord serves as a control center for reflex movement.
16
Question
How does the autonomic nervous system control internal organs?
Answer
It regulates the activity of internal organs involuntarily through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.
17
Question
Which three components carry a response from stimulus to action?
Answer
A receptor detects the stimulus, an impulse conductor carries the signal, and an effector performs the response.
18
Question
How does the eye route light toward the retina?
Answer
Light enters through the cornea, passes through the pupil, and is focused by the lens onto the retina.
19
Question
Which eye structure receives the focused image through photoreceptors?
Answer
The retina receives the focused image through its photoreceptors.
20
Question
What role does the pupil play in the eye’s light pathway?
Answer
Light passes through the pupil after entering the cornea.
21
Question
How does sound travel from the eardrum toward the cochlea?
Answer
Sound waves vibrate the eardrum, which transmits vibrations through the auditory ossicles to the cochlea.
22
Question
How does the cochlea contribute to hearing?
Answer
The cochlea stimulates hair cells, which generate signals sent to the brain.
23
Question
Which inner-ear structures regulate body balance?
Answer
The semicircular canals regulate body balance.
24
Question
How does the nose convert odor molecules into signals for the brain?
Answer
Odor molecules dissolve in nasal mucus, stimulate the olfactory nerve, and the brain processes the resulting smell signal.
25
Question
Which tongue structures are involved in taste detection?
Answer
Papillae contain taste buds that respond to food chemicals.
26
Question
Which four tastes are named in the description of tongue function?
Answer
Sweet, salty, sour, and bitter.
27
Question
How do skin receptors contribute to the sense of touch?
Answer
Tactile receptors in the dermis respond to touch, pressure, pain, heat, and cold.
28
Question
How does hormone signaling differ from nervous system signaling?
Answer
Hormones act more slowly than the nervous system, but their effects last longer.
29
Question
How are hormones delivered to regulate body functions?
Answer
Endocrine glands produce hormones, which travel through the blood to regulate body functions.
30
Question
Which endocrine gland is identified as the master gland?
Answer
The pituitary gland.