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Information Systems Technology Evolution
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Information Systems Technology Evolution
Information Systems Technology Evolution
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1
Question
How does rapid technological development reduce the complexity of building information systems?
Page 1
Answer
It makes programs easier to read, systems easier to connect, software modules easier to manage, and infrastructure easier to scale.
2
Question
Which prediction is associated with Gordon Moore and processing capacity?
Page 1
Answer
Processing capacity would approximately double every two years.
3
Question
Why are processor speed and memory central to Moore’s Law?
Page 1
Answer
They determine the computer’s processing capacity, whose growth was described as doubling approximately every two years.
4
Question
How did the IBM personal computer change the business workplace?
Page 1
Answer
It brought computers into the business workplace and made personal computing central to office work.
5
Question
Which software developments accompanied the arrival of personal computers?
Page 1
Answer
Microsoft supplied the operating system, while spreadsheets, word processing, and specialized PC software entered office work.
6
Question
How does a client/server structure divide application responsibilities?
Page 1
Answer
PCs act as clients that form part of a centrally installed application running on servers.
7
Question
Which historical sequence links early IBM computing to the Internet?
Page 2
Answer
1953 first IBM computer, 1981 IBM personal computer, 1983 client/server systems, and 1997 Internet.
8
Question
Why did early computer networks often become incompatible?
Page 2
Answer
Different manufacturers used their own data-exchange protocols, including different protocols within some suppliers’ systems.
9
Question
How did standard protocols improve communication between computer systems?
Page 2
Answer
They established common methods for exchanging data, reducing the incompatibility created by closed, manufacturer-specific systems.
10
Question
Which protocol supports Internet traffic and uses IP addresses?
Page 2
Answer
TCP/IP supports Internet traffic and operates using IP addresses.
11
Question
How did universities contribute to the development of the Internet?
Page 2
Answer
They helped establish standard communication technologies and laid foundations for HTML, which made information more accessible.
12
Question
Around which year were the first steps toward the World Wide Web taken?
Page 2
Answer
Around 1992.
13
Question
How did the Internet contribute to the growth of the IT sector?
Page 2
Answer
It enabled web applications, producing explosive IT-sector growth and expanding IT’s role in business and daily life.
14
Question
What technological integration characterized personal computing during the 1990s?
Page 2
Answer
Text, data, images, and sound were integrated, transforming PCs into multimedia PCs.
15
Question
Why did multimedia PCs create strong demand for storage capacity?
Page 2
Answer
Integrating text, data, images, and sound required systems to store substantially more types and quantities of information.
16
Question
How did the Internet change information-system integration during the 1990s?
Page 2
Answer
It enabled connections with external data sources, extending integration beyond internal systems.
17
Question
Which office-automation applications emerged alongside improved computer communication?
Page 2
Answer
Groupware and workflow information systems emerged as new office-automation applications.
18
Question
How did groupware improve work within groups?
Page 2
Answer
It provided functions and services that improved collaboration within workgroups.
19
Question
How does workflow management improve organizational process efficiency?
Page 2
Answer
It divides processes into subtasks, handles them in a fixed sequence, and makes task progress and status continuously available.
20
Question
What misconception about groupware is corrected by its historical development?
Page 3
Answer
Groupware was not limited to internal collaboration; it was later used between organizations as well.
21
Question
Why did Linux become attractive to developers and businesses?
Page 3
Answer
It offered a free alternative to supplier-specific operating systems and allowed adaptations and new applications to be built.
22
Question
How did the Internet encourage interorganizational cooperation?
Page 3
Answer
It made information exchange easier, enabling greater specialization, supply-chain thinking, and collaboration between companies.
23
Question
Which standard enables automated exchange of business documents between organizations?
Page 3
Answer
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI).
24
Question
How does EDI improve business communication?
Page 3
Answer
It exchanges orders and invoices directly and automatically between organizations, providing reliable delivery and increasing efficiency and speed.
25
Question
How did CIM extend the earlier CAD/CAM approach?
Page 3
Answer
Computer Integrated Manufacturing integrates CAD/CAM with operational information so the entire production process receives digital support.
26
Question
How can a sensor optimize a manufacturing process under CIM?
Page 3
Answer
It can measure a variable such as oven temperature and automatically adjust settings to optimize production.
27
Question
Which production capabilities does CIM integrate and coordinate?
Page 3
Answer
It integrates and coordinates production aspects from design through manufacturing and related functions.
28
Question
Why can CIM make companies more responsive to changing demand?
Page 3
Answer
Digital support increases production efficiency and accuracy, allowing companies to react more quickly and flexibly.
29
Question
How does a knowledge system support decision-making?
Page 3
Answer
It contains knowledge about a defined domain and uses that knowledge to answer questions or solve problems.
30
Question
Why is a data warehouse structured for recurring and ad-hoc queries?
Page 3
Answer
Its organized data collection allows questions to be answered quickly without excessively burdening the source systems.