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Microbiology Foundations and Classification
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Microbiology Foundations and Classification
Microbiology Foundations and Classification
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1
Question
Which scientific field studies microscopic living things called microorganisms or microbes?
Page 3
Answer
Microbiology is the scientific study of microscopic living things, known as microorganisms or microbes.
2
Question
Which Greek word means “small” in the term microbiology?
Page 3
Answer
Mikros means “small.”
3
Question
Which Greek word means “life” in the term microbiology?
Page 3
Answer
Bios means “life.”
4
Question
Which Greek word components mean “study of” in microbiology?
Page 3
Answer
Logia or logos means “study of.”
5
Question
Which six fields are listed as classifications within microbiology?
Page 3
Answer
Bacteriology, Virology, Mycology, Parasitology, Phycology, and Immunology.
6
Question
How does the scope of microbiology encompass both organisms and immunity?
Page 3
Answer
It includes the study of microorganisms through Bacteriology, Virology, Mycology, Parasitology, and Phycology, as well as immunity through Immunology.
7
Question
Which taxonomic rank is broader than Kingdom in hierarchical classification?
Page 5
Answer
Domain is broader than Kingdom.
8
Question
Which taxonomic rank follows Phylum in the displayed hierarchy?
Page 5
Answer
Class follows Phylum.
9
Question
Which taxonomic rank is the most specific in the displayed hierarchy?
Page 5
Answer
Species is the most specific displayed rank.
10
Question
Which classification sequence proceeds from broadest to most specific?
Page 5
Answer
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
11
Question
Which domain, kingdom, and phylum classify the red fox example?
Page 5
Answer
The red fox example belongs to Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Animalia, and Phylum Chordata.
12
Question
Which genus and species identify the red fox example?
Page 5
Answer
Its genus is Vulpes, and its species is Vulpes vulpes.
13
Question
Which cellular structure did Robert Hooke identify as the basic unit of living organisms?
Page 6
Answer
The cell is the basic unit of living organisms.
14
Question
How did Anton van Leeuwenhoek contribute to early microbiology?
Page 6
Answer
He made a microscope with 50x to 300x magnification and used it to study bacteria and protozoa.
15
Question
Which term did Anton van Leeuwenhoek use for microscopic organisms?
Page 6
Answer
He used the term “animalcules.”
16
Question
Which disease-related theory is associated with Louis Pasteur?
Page 7
Answer
Louis Pasteur is associated with the germ theory of disease.
17
Question
How is an aseptic technique characterized in the lesson?
Page 7
Answer
An aseptic technique is described as free of living organisms.
18
Question
Which two processes did Louis Pasteur improve?
Page 7
Answer
He improved fermentation and pasteurization.
19
Question
Which scientist developed a vaccine for smallpox?
Page 8
Answer
Edward Jenner developed a vaccine for smallpox.
20
Question
Which organism did Robert Koch discover according to the lecture?
Page 8
Answer
Robert Koch discovered Bacillus anthracis, also called Koch’s Bacillus.
21
Question
What laboratory resource did Robert Koch develop for microbial growth?
Page 8
Answer
Robert Koch developed culture media.
22
Question
What must be true of a particular microbe under Koch’s first postulate?
Page 9
Answer
It must be found in all cases of the disease and must not be present in healthy animals or humans.
23
Question
How does Koch’s second postulate establish a pure microbial culture?
Page 9
Answer
The microbe is isolated from a diseased animal or human and grown in pure culture in the laboratory.
24
Question
What experimental outcome is required by Koch’s third postulate?
Page 9
Answer
The same disease must be produced when microbes from the pure culture are inoculated into healthy susceptible laboratory animals.
25
Question
Why does Koch’s fourth postulate require recovery of the same microbe?
Page 9
Answer
The same microbe must be recovered from experimentally infected animals and grown again in pure culture.
26
Question
How do Koch’s second and fourth postulates differ in sequence?
Page 9
Answer
The second postulate isolates and grows the microbe from the original diseased host. The fourth recovers and regrows the same microbe from an experimentally infected host.
27
Question
Which scientist discovered Salvarsan for treatment of a disease?
Page 11
Answer
Paul Ehrlich discovered Salvarsan for treatment of a disease.
28
Question
Which two antimicrobial substances did Selman Waksman discover?
Page 11
Answer
Selman Waksman discovered Streptomycin and Neomycin.
29
Question
Which scientist discovered lysozyme and penicillin?
Page 12
Answer
Alexander Fleming discovered lysozyme and penicillin.
30
Question
What does lysozyme attack in bacteria?
Page 12
Answer
Lysozyme attacks the protective wall of bacteria.