/
Anatomical Structure and Body Organization
Save to my account
Sign up
Anatomical Structure and Body Organization
anatomy and physiology Unit 1
Study
1
Question
How do anatomy and physiology differ in their central focus?
Page 2
Answer
Anatomy studies the structure of the human body. Physiology studies the function of the human body.
2
Question
Why are anatomy and physiology taught together?
Page 3
Answer
Structure and function are intimately interrelated. Each influences the other.
3
Question
How does the thin structure of alveolar walls support gas exchange?
Page 3
Answer
Alveolar walls consist of only one cell layer, allowing oxygen and other gases to exchange across the wall to and from capillaries.
4
Question
What is the correct order of body organization from smallest to largest?
Page 4
Answer
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, and organism.
5
Question
Which level of organization contains atoms and molecules?
Page 4
Answer
The chemical level contains the atoms and molecules of the human body.
6
Question
Which substances exemplify the chemical level in blood?
Page 4
Answer
Dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen exemplify the chemical level.
7
Question
What three features do all listed cells have in common?
Page 4
Answer
A plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus.
8
Question
How does a tissue differ from an organ?
Page 5
Answer
A tissue consists of cells of a certain type. An organ is a collection of tissues performing a needed function.
9
Question
How does connective tissue contribute to the human body?
Page 5
Answer
Connective tissue holds the structure of the body.
10
Question
What function does nervous tissue perform?
Page 5
Answer
Nervous tissue collects, uses, and sends out information.
11
Question
How does the kidney qualify as an organ?
Page 5
Answer
The kidney is a collection of tissues that filters and removes wastes from blood to make urine.
12
Question
How do the urinary organs work together as a system?
Page 5
Answer
The kidneys create urine, the ureters transport it, the urinary bladder stores it, and the urethra expels it.
13
Question
What does the anatomical position standardize for anatomy?
Page 8
Answer
It provides a single normal position for describing the relationship between body structures.
14
Question
How is the human body arranged in anatomical position?
Page 8
Answer
The body stands erect facing the observer, with the head level, eyes forward, feet flat and directed forward, arms at the sides, and palms facing forward.
15
Question
How do medial and lateral describe two structures?
Page 9
Answer
Medial means toward the midline. Lateral means away from the midline.
16
Question
How do proximal and distal differ along a limb?
Page 9
Answer
Proximal means closer to the point of origin or attachment. Distal means farther away from it.
17
Question
How do parietal and visceral membrane surfaces differ?
Page 9
Answer
The parietal surface is closest to the cavity wall. The visceral surface is closest to the organ inside the cavity.
18
Question
What does a sagittal plane divide in the body?
Page 10
Answer
A sagittal plane divides the right side from the left side of the body.
19
Question
What does a transverse plane divide in the body?
Page 10
Answer
A transverse, or horizontal, plane divides superior from inferior.
20
Question
How does a sagittal plane divide the body?
Page 11
Answer
It divides the body into left and right portions.
21
Question
How does a frontal plane divide the body?
Page 11
Answer
It divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.
22
Question
Why can a sagittal cut not show right-left information?
Page 12
Answer
The cut divides the right side from the left side, so that directional relationship is lost.
23
Question
How does a transverse cut affect directional information?
Page 12
Answer
It preserves anterior-posterior and right-left information but loses superior-inferior information.
24
Question
How does computed tomography create anatomical slices?
Page 12
Answer
A computer makes slices from a series of low-dosage conventional X-rays.
25
Question
What are the two main body cavities?
Page 13
Answer
The dorsal cavity and the ventral cavity.
26
Question
Which subdivisions make up the dorsal body cavity?
Page 13
Answer
The cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity.
27
Question
Which subdivisions make up the ventral body cavity?
Page 13
Answer
The thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.
28
Question
Why is the diaphragm important for body-cavity organization?
Page 14
Answer
It divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity.
29
Question
How are the heart and lungs organized within the thoracic cavity?
Page 14
Answer
The mediastinum contains the pericardial cavity and heart. The pleural cavities contain the lungs.
30
Question
How does the abdominal cavity differ from the pelvic cavity?
Page 15
Answer
The abdominal cavity contains organs such as the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and spleen. The pelvic cavity contains internal reproductive organs and the urinary bladder.