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Biological Macromolecules
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Biological Macromolecules
Biological Macromolecules
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1
Question
What is a macromolecule in biological chemistry?
Answer
A macromolecule is a large molecule. The prefix “macro” means large.
2
Question
Which four major classes of macromolecules occur in biology?
Answer
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
3
Question
What role does a monomer play in molecular structure?
Answer
A monomer is a small building block used to make larger molecules.
4
Question
How is a polymer formed from monomers?
Answer
A polymer is formed by linking many monomers together into one large molecule.
5
Question
How does dehydration synthesis build a polymer?
Answer
Dehydration synthesis joins monomers together while removing water.
6
Question
How does hydrolysis break down a polymer?
Answer
Hydrolysis breaks a polymer into smaller molecules by adding water.
7
Question
How do dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis differ?
Answer
Dehydration synthesis builds polymers by removing water. Hydrolysis breaks polymers into smaller molecules by adding water.
8
Question
Which macromolecule class provides short-term or quick energy?
Answer
Carbohydrates provide short-term or quick energy.
9
Question
Which elements are found in carbohydrates?
Answer
Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, represented as C, H, and O.
10
Question
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
Answer
The monomer of a carbohydrate is a monosaccharide, such as glucose.
11
Question
Which carbohydrate form consists of many linked monosaccharides?
Answer
A polysaccharide is a carbohydrate polymer made from many linked monomers.
12
Question
Which molecule is an example of a carbohydrate polymer?
Answer
Starch is an example of a polysaccharide and therefore a carbohydrate polymer.
13
Question
Which substances are listed as examples of carbohydrates?
Answer
Glucose, sugars, starches, bread, and pasta are listed as examples of carbohydrates.
14
Question
Why are carbohydrates important for cellular energy needs?
Answer
Carbohydrates are important because they provide short-term or quick energy.
15
Question
Which macromolecule class is associated with long-term energy storage?
Answer
Lipids are associated with long-term energy storage.
16
Question
Which additional biological functions do lipids perform?
Answer
Lipids provide insulation, function in hormones, and contribute to cell membranes.
17
Question
What molecular components form a lipid according to the material?
Answer
Lipids are made from glycerol and fatty acids.
18
Question
Which elements are mainly found in lipids?
Answer
Lipids mainly contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, represented as C, H, and O.
19
Question
How is a triglyceride structurally defined?
Answer
A triglyceride is a lipid made from glycerol and three fatty acids.
20
Question
How is a phospholipid structurally defined?
Answer
A phospholipid is made of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group.
21
Question
Where are phospholipids found in cells?
Answer
Phospholipids are found in the cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane.
22
Question
What does the term hydrophilic mean in biological chemistry?
Answer
Hydrophilic means attracted to water, or “water loving.”