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Foundations of Physics Mechanics
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Foundations of Physics Mechanics
Foundations of Physics Mechanics
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1
Question
Which two components must every physical quantity have?
Page 1
Answer
A numerical magnitude and a unit.
2
Question
Which seven quantities are SI base quantities?
Page 1
Answer
Length, mass, time, current, temperature, amount of substance, and luminous intensity.
3
Question
Which SI base unit corresponds to amount of substance?
Page 1
Answer
The mole (mol).
4
Question
How are derived units expressed in terms of base units?
Page 1
Answer
As products or quotients of base units.
5
Question
Which prefix represents a factor of \(10^{-6}\)?
Page 1
Answer
Micro (\(\mu\)).
6
Question
Which prefix represents a factor of \(10^{9}\)?
Page 1
Answer
Giga (G).
7
Question
When is an equation dimensionally consistent?
Page 1
Answer
When every term on both sides has the same base units.
8
Question
What is wrong with assuming dimensional consistency proves an equation is physically correct?
Page 1
Answer
Correct units do not guarantee correct coefficients or complete terms.
9
Question
To how many significant figures should estimates be kept?
Page 1
Answer
One significant figure.
10
Question
How do systematic errors affect repeated measurements?
Page 1
Answer
They produce errors with the same magnitude and sign, making readings all larger or all smaller than the true value.
11
Question
How do random errors differ from systematic errors?
Page 2
Answer
Random errors have different magnitudes and signs, scattering readings about the true value.
12
Question
How can averaging repeated measurements affect random errors?
Page 2
Answer
It reduces the effects of random errors but cannot eliminate them.
13
Question
Which measurement property describes closeness to the true value?
Page 2
Answer
Accuracy.
14
Question
Which measurement property describes closeness among repeated values?
Page 2
Answer
Precision.
15
Question
What uncertainty formula applies when \(Z=mA\pm nB\)?
Page 2
Answer
\(\Delta Z=|m|\Delta A+|n|\Delta B\).
16
Question
What uncertainty formula applies when \(Z=kA^mB^n\)?
Page 2
Answer
\(\frac{\Delta Z}{Z}=|m|\frac{\Delta A}{A}+|n|\frac{\Delta B}{B}\).
17
Question
How is uncertainty estimated for a complicated equation?
Page 2
Answer
Use \(\Delta Z=\frac{1}{2}(Z_{\max}-Z_{\min})\).
18
Question
To how many significant figures is absolute uncertainty expressed?
Page 2
Answer
One significant figure.
19
Question
How should the quantity \(Z\) be rounded relative to \(\Delta Z\)?
Page 2
Answer
It should be expressed to the same decimal place as \(\Delta Z\).
20
Question
What distinguishes a scalar quantity from a vector quantity?
Page 2
Answer
A scalar has magnitude only. A vector has magnitude and direction.
21
Question
Which kinematics quantity is the rate of change of displacement?
Page 3
Answer
Velocity.
22
Question
Which graph feature gives instantaneous acceleration on a velocity-time graph?
Page 3
Answer
The gradient.
23
Question
Which graph feature represents change in displacement on a velocity-time graph?
Page 3
Answer
The area under the graph.
24
Question
Under what conditions do the kinematics equations apply?
Page 3
Answer
Motion in a straight line with constant acceleration, whose magnitude and direction do not change.
25
Question
Which equation relates final velocity, initial velocity, acceleration, and time?
Page 3
Answer
\(v=u+at\).
26
Question
Which equation relates displacement to initial velocity, acceleration, and time?
Page 3
Answer
\(s=ut+\frac{1}{2}at^2\).
27
Question
Which equation eliminates time from constant-acceleration motion?
Page 3
Answer
\(v^2=u^2+2as\).
28
Question
Why do all free-falling objects have the same acceleration in the stated model?
Page 4
Answer
With only weight acting, \(mg=ma\), so \(a=g\), independent of mass.
29
Question
Which force acts on an object in ideal free fall?
Page 4
Answer
Its weight, or gravitational force.
30
Question
Which drag-force model applies to a small object at very low speed?
Page 4
Answer
\(F_d=kv\).