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Perineal Care, Antenatal Care, and Breastfeeding
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Perineal Care, Antenatal Care, and Breastfeeding
Perineal Care, Antenatal Care, and Breastfeeding
Study
1
Question
Why is perineal care performed for hospitalized patients?
Answer
It prevents infection, provides comfort, maintains hygiene, and removes secretions. Memory hook: think “Protect, Pamper, Preserve, Purify”—four purposes for one clean routine.
2
Question
Which perineal areas are washed during perineal preparation?
Answer
The external genitalia and the anus area are washed. Soap and water, water alone, or commercially prepared peri-wash may be used.
3
Question
Why must wiping proceed from the vulva toward the anus?
Answer
Wiping from front to back supports hygienic perineal care by directing the motion away from the vulva toward the anus. Memory hook: the cloth follows a one-way “front-door-to-back-door” route.
4
Question
Why should a clean portion of cloth be used for each wipe?
Answer
A clean portion of cloth or tissue should be used for every wipe to support hygienic cleansing and avoid reusing the same soiled area.
5
Question
What skin findings should be assessed before perineal care?
Answer
Assess the perineal skin for itching, irritation, ulcers, and edema. Memory hook: “I-I-U-E”—itching, irritation, ulcers, edema.
6
Question
How does assessment determine the need for perineal care?
Answer
Assessment determines whether perineal care is needed and how frequently it should be performed. The schedule should reflect the patient’s assessed condition.
7
Question
Why must the technique for perineal care be assessed?
Answer
The nurse assesses whether perineal care should use an aseptic technique or a clean technique. The selected technique must match the patient’s care requirements.
8
Question
Which instructions should be checked before perineal care?
Answer
The physician’s order should be checked for specific instructions. Available articles in the patient’s unit should also be checked before beginning.
9
Question
How do patient abilities affect perineal-care planning?
Answer
The patient’s ability to perform self-care and the patient’s mental state for following instructions should be assessed. These findings guide how much assistance and explanation are needed.
10
Question
True or false: The principal purpose of antenatal care is to detect diseases or complications that may complicate pregnancy.
Answer
True. Antenatal care helps identify pregnancy-related diseases and complications early so they can be monitored, treated, or referred appropriately. Memory hook: antenatal care is a “pregnancy checkpoint.”
11
Question
What minimum antenatal-care schedule is specified?
Answer
At least four antenatal visits with a skilled health provider are specified. Memory hook: “Four for the floor”—four visits establish the minimum foundation.
12
Question
How are antenatal visits distributed across pregnancy?
Answer
The schedule notes one visit per trimester. During the third trimester, visits occur every two weeks.
13
Question
Which conditions are screened for during antenatal care?
Answer
Antenatal screening includes anemia, pre-eclampsia, diabetes mellitus, and syphilis. Memory hook: “A-P-D-S”—anemia, pre-eclampsia, diabetes mellitus, syphilis.
14
Question
Which pregnancy complications are specifically detected during antenatal care?
Answer
Antenatal care detects prelabor rupture of membranes and preterm labor. Memory hook: “PROM before preterm”—membrane rupture and early labor are the paired detection targets.
15
Question
Why are ferrous and folic acid supplements used antenatally?
Answer
Ferrous and folic acid supplementations are listed as preventive measures during antenatal care. They are used within the prevention component of the care plan.
16
Question
Which immunization is listed for antenatal prevention?
Answer
Tetanus toxoid immunization is listed as a preventive antenatal intervention. Memory hook: picture a protective “tetanus shield” placed before childbirth.
17
Question
How are corticosteroids used in antenatal care?
Answer
Corticosteroids are listed as a preventive intervention for preterm labor. Memory hook: imagine corticosteroids as a “preterm preparation” tool.
18
Question
Which treatment is listed for anemia during pregnancy?
Answer
Ferrous sulfate is listed as the treatment for anemia. Memory hook: “ferrous fixes iron-related anemia”—keep the supplement and treatment names distinct.
19
Question
Which treatments are listed for severe pre-eclampsia?
Answer
Antihypertensive medications and magnesium sulfate are listed for severe pre-eclampsia. Memory hook: “pressure plus protection”—one treatment addresses hypertension and the other is magnesium sulfate.
20
Question
How do antenatal care interventions differ by purpose?
Answer
Screening looks for anemia, pre-eclampsia, diabetes mellitus, and syphilis. Detection identifies prelabor rupture of membranes and preterm labor. Prevention includes supplements, immunization, and corticosteroids. Treatment includes ferrous sulfate, antihypertensive medications, and magnesium sulfate.
21
Question
What education should be provided to pregnant women and families?
Answer
Women should be educated about danger and emergency signs and symptoms. The woman and her family should also be prepared for childbirth.
22
Question
Why is human breastmilk described as healthy for babies?
Answer
Human breastmilk is described as the healthiest form of milk for babies, except when listed contraindications apply. It supplies nutrients and supports breastfeeding-related health benefits.
23
Question
Which maternal or infant circumstances contraindicate breastfeeding?
Answer
Listed contraindications include the mother taking drugs, infection with human T-lymphotropic virus, HIV infection, or untreated tuberculosis. Memory hook: “Drugs, HTLV, HIV, TB”—four red flags at the feeding gate.
24
Question
How does early breastfeeding initiation relate to successful breastfeeding?
Answer
Successful breastfeeding depends on starting early and continuing. This success mainly relies on the baby’s position because good positioning is key to a proper latch.
25
Question
Why is good positioning important for breastfeeding?
Answer
Good positioning is important because it helps the baby achieve a proper latch. Proper positioning therefore supports successful breastfeeding and milk transfer.
26
Question
What nutritional components does breastmilk provide?
Answer
Breastmilk provides the combination of proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and sugars needed during the infant’s various stages of growth. Memory hook: “P-F-V-M-E-S”—six ingredients in the growth formula.
27
Question
How does breastmilk composition support infant growth?
Answer
Breastmilk contains an optimum percentage of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. This composition corresponds to the infant’s nutritional needs during growth.
28
Question
Why are breastfed babies described as rarely constipated?
Answer
Breastfed babies are described as rarely constipated because breastmilk is digestible. Digestibility is the stated connection between breastmilk and reduced constipation.
29
Question
Which illnesses occur less often among breastfed babies?
Answer
Breastfed babies have less incidence of ear infection, respiratory illness, allergies, diarrhea, and vomiting. Memory hook: imagine the “EAR-RAD” shield—ear, respiratory, allergy, diarrhea, and vomiting protection.
30
Question
How does breastfeeding influence infant gastrointestinal outcomes?
Answer
Breastfed babies have less incidence of diarrhea and vomiting, and they are rarely constipated because breastmilk is digestible. Their stools are also described as mild-smelling.