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Trauma Injury Assessment and Management
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Trauma Injury Assessment and Management
Trauma Injury Assessment and Management
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1
Question
What does the 'C' stand for in the DCAP-BTLS mnemonic for signs of injury?
Page 1
Answer
Contusions
2
Question
Identify the six 'P's associated with musculoskeletal injuries.
Page 1
Answer
Pain, Paralysis, Paresthesia, Pulselessness, Pallor, Pressure
3
Question
What is Crepitus indicative of in a trauma patient?
Page 1
Answer
A creaking, grinding, or popping sound that occurs in joints during movement, often indicating bone fragments rubbing together or gas in tissues.
4
Question
What specific type of movement indicates a fracture in a long bone where there is no joint?
Page 1
Answer
False motion
5
Question
What clinical triad indicates intracranial pressure?
Page 1
Answer
Cushing’s Triad: High BP, low PR (bradycardia), and low RR (Cheyne-Stokes or Biot respirations)
6
Question
What are the primary functions of the epidermis?
Page 1
Answer
The epidermis is the tough outermost layer of skin, protecting the body from the environment and forming a watertight seal.
7
Question
What layer of skin contains blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, and sweat glands?
Page 1
Answer
The dermis
8
Question
What is Periorbital Ecchymosis, and what injury does it indicate?
Page 1
Answer
Bruising under the eyes (raccoon eyes), indicating a basilar skull fracture or some type of venous bleeding.
9
Question
What does 'PMS' stand for in the context of musculoskeletal injury assessment?
Page 1
Answer
Pulse, Motor, Sensation
10
Question
What is Subcutaneous Emphysema, and what can it indicate if found by the neck?
Page 1
Answer
Air under the surface of the skin. If found by the neck, it indicates a rib fracture that has punctured a lung.
11
Question
A patient exhibiting chest movement where one portion moves opposite to the rest of the chest is experiencing what type of movement?
Page 2
Answer
Paradoxical Movement
12
Question
What are the three components of Beck’s Triad, and what condition does it indicate?
Page 2
Answer
Distended Jugular veins, narrowing pulse pressure, and muffled heart sounds. It indicates cardiac tamponade.
13
Question
What medical term describes the presence of blood in the urine?
Page 2
Answer
Hematuria
14
Question
A traumatic insult to the brain capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and vocational changes is defined as what?
Page 2
Answer
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
15
Question
Describe the mechanism and consequence of Crush Syndrome, especially after 4 hours of compression.
Page 2
Answer
Crush syndrome damage depends on weight and duration of crush. More than 4 hours compromises blood flow, causing muscle cells to die and release toxins into tissues and blood upon return of flow.
16
Question
How does Compartment Syndrome develop, and what are common causes?
Page 2
Answer
Blood flow decreases inside a muscle compartment, leading to ischemia and anaerobic metabolism, which damages and can kill tissue. It is often caused by fractured tibia or forearm, excessive bleeding, severe crush injury, or rapid return of blood to an ischemic limb.
17
Question
Which signs and symptoms indicate hypoperfusion or hypovolemic shock?
Page 2
Answer
Change in mental status, weakness, faintness, pale skin, tachycardia, thirst/nausea, cold clammy skin, decreased BP, dull slightly dilated pupils, and slow capillary refill.
18
Question
The awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries is known as what?
Page 3
Answer
Index of suspicion
19
Question
What is an avulsion injury?
Page 3
Answer
An injury where various soft tissue layers are separated, becoming either completely detached or hanging as a flap.
20
Question
How should an evisceration injury be treated?
Page 3
Answer
Cover with sterile, moist gauze, secure with an occlusive dressing. Lay the patient on their back and bend their legs to relieve pressure.
21
Question
What are the key signs of a basilar skull fracture?
Page 3
Answer
CSF drainage from the ears, raccoon eyes (periorbital ecchymosis), and Battle sign (bruising behind the ears).
22
Question
How do arterial and venous bleeding differ in appearance and flow?
Page 3
Answer
Arterial bleeding spurts and is brighter red, making it difficult to control. Venous bleeding flows slowly or rapidly depending on vein size, but without spurting.
23
Question
When performing gentle traction/realignment for a long bone shaft injury, what steps should be followed?
Page 4
Answer
Apply constant gentle manual traction to support the injury site, then splint the limb, and reassess Pulse, Motor, and Sensation (PMS).
24
Question
For which specific type of fracture are traction splints primarily indicated?
Page 4
Answer
Femoral shaft fractures
25
Question
List contraindications for using a traction splint.
Page 4
Answer
Traction splints should not be used on upper extremities, injuries close to the knee or on the pelvis, partial amputations or avulsions with bone separation, or open injuries.
26
Question
What are common indications of a fracture?
Page 4
Answer
Deformity, tenderness, guarding, swelling, bruising, crepitus, false motion, exposed fragments, pain, and a locked joint.
27
Question
How should an amputated extremity be cared for before transport?
Page 4
Answer
Control bleeding with a tourniquet, wrap the amputated part in a sterile dressing, place it in a plastic bag, and then in a cool container filled with ice (lay it on the ice, do not pack or bury it).
28
Question
What are the signs and symptoms of a Tension Pneumothorax?
Page 4
Answer
JVD (jugular vein distention), chest pain, cyanosis, tracheal deviation, and diminished or absent lung sounds on the affected side.
29
Question
In the case of an impaled object in the chest, when should it be removed?
Page 4
Answer
Only remove impaled chest objects if they are in the way of CPR. Otherwise, do not attempt to remove the object.
30
Question
How is the percentage of total body surface area (TBSA) affected by burns calculated in adults?
Page 5
Answer
Using the Rule of 9's, where each major body area (head, each arm, chest, abdomen, upper back, lower back, each leg) is assigned 9% or a multiple thereof.