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Energy Balance and Body Composition
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Energy Balance and Body Composition
Energy Balance and Body Composition
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1
Question
How is energy balance achieved in the body?
Page 2
Answer
Energy intake equals energy expenditure.
2
Question
Where is excess dietary energy primarily stored?
Page 2
Answer
It is stored as fat.
3
Question
When does stored fat provide energy for the body?
Page 2
Answer
Fat is used for energy between meals.
4
Question
Which body tissues can shift during weight changes?
Page 2
Answer
Weight changes involve fat, fluid, and muscle tissue.
5
Question
How many excess kcalories correspond to one pound of fat?
Page 2
Answer
One pound of fat equals 3500 excess kcalories.
6
Question
If 7000 excess calories are consumed, how much fat is gained?
Page 2
Answer
It would produce a gain of 2 pounds of fat.
7
Question
How should fat gain be calculated from total calories consumed?
Page 2
Answer
Divide total calories consumed by 3500.
8
Question
What does thermogenesis describe in energy expenditure?
Page 3
Answer
It is the generation of heat.
9
Question
How is thermogenesis used in physiology and nutrition?
Page 3
Answer
It indicates how much energy the body expends.
10
Question
Which energy-expenditure component reflects baseline metabolic needs?
Page 3
Answer
Basal metabolism.
11
Question
Which energy-expenditure component changes with movement intensity?
Page 3
Answer
Physical activity.
12
Question
Which energy-expenditure component is associated with eating food?
Page 3
Answer
Food consumption.
13
Question
Which gender generally has the higher basal metabolic rate?
Page 4
Answer
Men have a higher BMR than women.
14
Question
How does growth affect basal metabolic rate?
Page 4
Answer
Growing individuals have a higher BMR.
15
Question
Which groups have higher BMR because they are growing?
Page 4
Answer
Infants, children, adolescents, pregnant women, and lactating women.
16
Question
How does basal metabolic rate change during adulthood?
Page 4
Answer
It declines during adulthood.
17
Question
By approximately how much does BMR decline after age 30?
Page 4
Answer
Approximately 5% per decade after age 30.
18
Question
How does height influence basal metabolic rate?
Page 4
Answer
Greater height is associated with higher BMR.
19
Question
How does body weight influence basal metabolic rate?
Page 4
Answer
Greater body weight is associated with higher BMR.
20
Question
How do physical activity levels contribute to estimated energy requirements?
Page 4
Answer
Physical activity intensity differs for each gender.
21
Question
How is body mass index calculated?
Page 5
Answer
It is weight divided by the square of height.
22
Question
At which BMI are obesity-related diseases evident?
Page 5
Answer
Obesity-related diseases are evident above BMI 25.
23
Question
What is wrong with using BMI alone as healthy-weight assessment?
Page 5
Answer
BMI does not address body composition.
24
Question
Why are ideal-weight standards limited as health measures?
Page 5
Answer
They are subjective and have little in common with health.
25
Question
How can perceived body image differ from actual body size?
Page 5
Answer
Perceived body image may differ from actual body size.
26
Question
Which equation calculates BMI using metric measurements?
Page 6
Answer
\(\mathrm{BMI}=\frac{\text{weight (kg)}}{(\text{height (m)})^2}\).
27
Question
Which equation calculates BMI using English measurements?
Page 6
Answer
\(\mathrm{BMI}=\frac{\text{weight (lb)}}{(\text{height (in)})^2}\times703\).
28
Question
Which two body-fat features provide disease-risk information?
Page 7
Answer
They assess how much weight is fat and where fat is located.
29
Question
How is the ideal amount of body fat determined?
Page 7
Answer
It depends on the individual person.
30
Question
Which body-fat range is listed for young male athletes?
Page 7
Answer
7–16%.