/
Literacy and Globalization Concepts
Save to my account
Sign up
Literacy and Globalization Concepts
Literacy and Globalization Concepts
Study
1
Question
What is the dictionary definition of literacy as stated in the chapter introduction?
Answer
The state of being able to read and write.
2
Question
How does the chapter describe the origin of the word "literate" and its historical connotation?
Answer
Derived from Latin litteratus meaning "(a person) marked with letters," historically implying someone cultured and educated.
3
Question
What are the two necessary conditions for reading (and therefore literacy) to exist according to the conventional view presented?
Answer
A text (consisting of symbols and grammar) to be read, and a meaning or message being communicated by the text for the reader to extract.
4
Question
How does Miller (1973) divide the conventional concept of literacy?
Answer
Into three sub‑categories: Basic Literacy, Comprehension Literacy, and Functional or Practical Literacy.
5
Question
What is Basic Literacy as defined by Miller (1973)?
Answer
The ability to correspond visual shapes to spoken sounds to decode written materials and recognize letters and words.
6
Question
Provide the example used to illustrate Basic Literacy in a Filipino context.
Answer
Recognizing that the sequence of letters "b-a-s-a" forms the word basa, even without understanding its meaning.
7
Question
What is Comprehension Literacy according to the chapter?
Answer
The ability to understand the meaning of what is being read.
8
Question
How does the chapter illustrate Comprehension Literacy using the word "basa"?
Answer
By explaining that basa can mean either "to read" or "to be wet," and comprehension distinguishes which meaning applies.
9
Question
What is Functional or Practical Literacy as defined in the text?
Answer
The ability to read (decode and comprehend) written materials needed to perform everyday vocational tasks.
10
Question
Provide the chapter's Filipino sentence example used to illustrate Functional Literacy and explain the point made.
Answer
The sentence "Ang bata ay nagbabasa." shows that the reader understands basa here refers to reading, not being wet, demonstrating practical comprehension.
11
Question
What does the chapter assert about decoding without comprehension?
Answer
That simply saying or decoding words without understanding their meaning is not true reading; comprehension is necessary for reading to have occurred.
12
Question
How does Schlechty (2001) define functional illiteracy in the chapter?
Answer
A state of being able to read but not well enough to manage daily living and employment tasks that require reading skills beyond a basic level.
13
Question
How does the UNESCO (2004) definition of literacy differ from the traditional definition according to the chapter?
Answer
UNESCO defines literacy as the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate, and compute using printed and written materials across contexts; it emphasizes a continuum of learning and does not list "reading" explicitly.
14
Question
What key idea about literacy does Mkandawire (2018) emphasize in the chapter?
Answer
Literacy as a form of knowledge, competence, and skills in a particular field or area, aligning literacy with knowledge rather than only reading and writing.
15
Question
Why does the chapter argue that the term "new literacies" is not wholly a misnomer?
Answer
Because these literacies make generous use of reading and writing skills but apply them in new contexts, forms, and scopes unlike those of conventional literacy.
16
Question
How does the chapter define "new literacies" in terms of skills and knowledge?
Answer
As the skills and bodies of knowledge necessary for survival and productivity in the information age, used in new contexts and scales.
17
Question
What three critical factors does the chapter identify as driving the rise of new literacies?
Answer
Increased reach, increased means of communication, and increased breadth of content.
18
Question
Give the chapter's concrete example of how modern audiences cope when they cannot follow spoken dialogue in foreign films.
Answer
Many Filipinos who cannot follow actors' dialogue resort to guessing the overall story based on on‑screen actions.
19
Question
According to the chapter, why is the ability to verify the truth‑value of documents newly demanding?
Answer
Because readers must now verify documents when confronted by many similar documents online, increasing the complexity of assessment.
20
Question
What historical nonverbal communication examples does the chapter use to illustrate that nonwritten literacies have always existed?
Answer
Smoke signals and the Victorian "Language of Flowers" are cited as longstanding nonverbal visual languages.
21
Question
How does the chapter describe the "Language of Flowers" practice and its communicative requirement?
Answer
In the Victorian era, the kind, color, and arrangement of flowers communicated messages that required visual literacy to interpret.
22
Question
List the four floral symbols given in the example of a Victorian sympathy bouquet and their meanings.
Answer
Oak leaves = strength; purple roses = sorrow; white lilies = resurrection; pale yellow tulips and rosemary = memory or remembrance.
23
Question
What distinction does the chapter make between past visual languages and 21st century visual/textual communication?
Answer
Previously, fewer channels like smoke signals or bouquets were used; now we process sounds, texts, and images from hundreds of sources at near nonstop rates demanding accuracy, validity, and reliability.
24
Question
Why does the chapter argue that lacking media or digital literacy in the 21st century is more dangerous than illiteracy in Victorian visual codes?
Answer
Because being not media or digitally literate makes one vulnerable to manipulation that can cost time, money, property, or even life in contemporary contexts.
25
Question
Which communication technologies does the chapter identify as contributors to the rise of new literacies?
Answer
Blogging, vlogging, social networking, and text‑messaging are named as technologies that change and expand communication forms.
26
Question
What illustrative consequence does the chapter give for the democratization of publishing via the internet?
Answer
That the opinions of a twelve‑year‑old in a remote town can be available worldwide and may gain thousands of subscribers who value them highly.
27
Question
Define Globalization as given in Chapter 2.
Answer
The process of interaction and integration between people, business entities, governments, and cultures from other nations, driven by international trade and investment and supported by information technology.
28
Question
According to the chapter, in what three broad dimensions does globalization produce effects?
Answer
Economic, cultural, and flows of people, with implications at both national and individual levels.
29
Question
What four effects of globalization does Meyer (2000) summarize in the chapter?
Answer
Economic, political, and military dependence and interdependence between nations; expanded flow of individual people among societies; interdependence of expressive culture among nations; and expanded flow of instrumental culture around the world.
30
Question
What are the four ways Kentor (2001) argues foreign capital dependence increases income inequality?
Answer
It creates a small highly paid managerial elite and many low‑pay jobs; profits are repatriated inhibiting domestic capital formation; foreign capital concentrates land ownership among the rich; and host countries create climates that limit domestic labor's ability to obtain better wages.