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Agriculture in India
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Agriculture in India
Agriculture in India
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1
Question
What are the three principal types of farming described for India?
Page 1
Answer
Primitive subsistence farming, intensive subsistence farming, and commercial farming.
2
Question
Why does primitive subsistence farming rely on shifting cultivation and slash‑and‑burn methods?
Page 1
Answer
Because farmers cultivate small patches using primitive tools and family labour; when soil fertility declines they clear a new patch so natural processes can replenish fertility.
3
Question
Which tools and labour sources are characteristic of primitive subsistence agriculture?
Page 1
Answer
Primitive tools such as hoe, dao, and digging sticks, together with family or community labour.
4
Question
What local names are used in India for slash‑and‑burn cultivation?
Page 1
Answer
Names include jhumming, Bewar or Dahiya, Podu or Penda, Pama Dabi or Koman or Bringa, Kumari, Valre or Waltre, Khil, and Kuruwa.
5
Question
Which international names correspond to slash‑and‑burn agriculture mentioned in the text?
Page 1
Answer
Milpa (Mexico/Central America), Conuco (Venezuela), Roca (Brazil), Masole (Central Africa), Ladang (Indonesia), and Ray (Vietnam).
6
Question
What type of farming is Rinjha’s family described as practising in the narrative?
Page 2
Answer
Primitive subsistence farming (slash‑and‑burn or shifting cultivation).
7
Question
What irrigation method is Rinjha's family shown using in the description?
Page 2
Answer
Irrigation using water running through a bamboo canal from a nearby spring.
8
Question
Why is intensive subsistence farming described as labour‑intensive in the material?
Page 2
Answer
Because high population pressure produces small uneconomical holdings and farmers use labour and high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation to maximise output from limited land.
9
Question
What are the defining features of commercial farming as described?
Page 2
Answer
Use of high doses of modern inputs (HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides), market orientation, and varying degrees of commercialisation by region.
10
Question
How does plantation farming differ from general commercial farming in practice?
Page 2
Answer
Plantation farming specialises in a single crop over large tracts, uses capital‑intensive inputs, employs migrant labour, and supplies raw material to specific industries.
11
Question
Which crops are given as examples of important plantation crops in India?
Page 2
Answer
Tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, and banana.
12
Question
What are the three cropping seasons of India and when do they occur?
Page 3
Answer
Rabi (sown October–December, harvested April–June), Kharif (sown with monsoon, harvested September–October), and Zaid (short summer season between rabi and kharif).
13
Question
Which crops are listed as important rabi crops in India?
Page 3
Answer
Wheat, barley, peas, gram, and mustard.
14
Question
Which climatic conditions are required for successful rice cultivation as given in the book?
Page 3
Answer
High temperature (above 25°C), high humidity, and annual rainfall above 100 cm; irrigation can substitute for rainfall in drier areas.
15
Question
In which regions of India is rice predominantly grown according to the text?
Page 5
Answer
Plains of north and north‑eastern India, coastal areas, and deltaic regions; also extended by canal irrigation and tubewells into Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan.
16
Question
What are the three named paddy crops grown in some eastern states each year?
Page 3
Answer
Aus, Aman and Boro.
17
Question
What climatic requirements are specified for wheat cultivation in the material?
Page 5
Answer
A cool growing season and bright sunshine at ripening; annual rainfall of 50 to 75 cm evenly distributed over the growing season.
18
Question
Which two major wheat‑growing zones are identified in the source?
Page 5
Answer
The Ganga‑Satluj plains in the north‑west and the black soil region of the Deccan.
19
Question
Which states are listed as major wheat producers in India?
Page 5
Answer
Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Rajasthan.
20
Question
Which millets are named as important coarse grains in India?
Page 5
Answer
Jowar, bajra and ragi.
21
Question
What nutritional advantages of ragi are highlighted in the text?
Page 5
Answer
Ragi is very rich in iron, calcium, other micronutrients and roughage.
22
Question
Why is jowar described as largely rain‑fed according to the material?
Page 5
Answer
Because it is a coarse grain that grows well in moist areas and hardly needs irrigation, making it suited to rain‑fed cultivation.
23
Question
Which states are mentioned as major jowar producing regions?
Page 5
Answer
Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
24
Question
What soils are suitable for bajra cultivation and which states produce it principally?
Page 5
Answer
Bajra grows well on sandy soils and shallow black soils; major producing states are Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Haryana.
25
Question
On what soil types and in which states is ragi predominantly cultivated?
Page 5
Answer
Ragi grows on red, black, sandy, loamy and shallow black soils; major producing states include Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Jharkhand and Arunachal Pradesh.
26
Question
What temperature range and soil preference are specified for maize cultivation?
Page 5
Answer
Maize requires temperatures between 21°C and 27°C and grows well in old alluvial soil.
27
Question
Which states are identified as major maize producers in India?
Page 5
Answer
Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana.
28
Question
What climatic range and rainfall are recommended for sugarcane cultivation in the text?
Page 7
Answer
Sugarcane grows in a temperature range of 21°C to 27°C and an annual rainfall between 75 cm and 100 cm; irrigation is needed where rainfall is low.
29
Question
Which states are cited as the major sugarcane producing areas?
Page 7
Answer
Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana.
30
Question
What share of cropped area do oil seeds cover according to the text?
Page 7
Answer
Oil seeds cover approximately 12 per cent of the total cropped area of the country.