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Foundations of Microbiology and Cell Theory
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Foundations of Microbiology and Cell Theory
Foundations of Microbiology and Cell Theory
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1
Question
What instrument was developed by Zacharias Janssen in the year 1590?
Answer
The first compound microscope
2
Question
In what year did Robert Hooke observe and name 'cells' in cork?
Answer
The year was 1665.
3
Question
How did Francesco Redi challenge the theory of spontaneous generation in 1668?
Answer
He conducted meat-and-maggot experiments.
4
Question
What significant discovery did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek report in 1676?
Answer
First to observe microorganisms (animalcules)
5
Question
What was the major contribution of Carl Linnaeus to biology in 1735?
Answer
Developed modern biological classification (taxonomy)
6
Question
What position did John Needham take regarding spontaneous generation in 1745?
Answer
He supported spontaneous generation.
7
Question
How did Lazzaro Spallanzani demonstrate that microbes do not arise spontaneously in 1765?
Answer
He used sealed broth experiments.
8
Question
What medical breakthrough did Edward Jenner achieve in 1796?
Answer
Developed the first vaccine (smallpox)
9
Question
What was the contribution of Agostino Bassi to microbiology in 1835?
Answer
Showed that microorganisms can cause disease
10
Question
Who were the two co-founders of Cell Theory in 1838 and 1839?
Answer
Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann
11
Question
What did Jakob Henle propose regarding the cause of disease in 1840?
Answer
Proposed microbes as causes of disease
12
Question
What hygiene practice did Ignaz Semmelweis promote in 1847?
Answer
Handwashing to prevent infections
13
Question
To what source did John Snow trace the 1854 cholera outbreak?
Answer
Contaminated water
14
Question
What fundamental biological principle did Rudolf Virchow state in 1858?
Answer
Cells arise from preexisting cells.
15
Question
What two major milestones did Louis Pasteur achieve in 1861?
Answer
Disproved spontaneous generation and advanced Germ Theory
16
Question
What surgical innovation was introduced by Joseph Lister in 1867?
Answer
Antiseptic surgery
17
Question
Which scientist proved that bacteria cause disease and developed a set of postulates in 1876?
Answer
Robert Koch
18
Question
What diagnostic technique was developed by Hans Christian Gram in 1884?
Answer
Gram staining technique
19
Question
What was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928?
Answer
Penicillin
20
Question
How are bacteria characterized regarding their cellular structure and reproduction?
Answer
Single-celled prokaryotes lacking a nucleus that reproduce by binary fission
21
Question
What defines the group of microorganisms known as Archaea?
Answer
Prokaryotic microorganisms often living in extreme environments
22
Question
What are the primary characteristics of Fungi?
Answer
Eukaryotic organisms including yeasts and molds that absorb nutrients
23
Question
How are Protozoa described in terms of their cellularity and nutrition?
Answer
Single-celled eukaryotes that are usually motile and heterotrophic
24
Question
What are the distinguishing features of Algae?
Answer
Photosynthetic eukaryotes that are mostly aquatic
25
Question
What makes Viruses unique compared to other microorganisms?
Answer
Acellular particles containing DNA or RNA that reproduce only inside host cells
26
Question
What are Helminths and their basic classification?
Answer
Multicellular eukaryotic parasitic worms that may cause disease
27
Question
What are the primary characteristics of Prokaryotic cells regarding the nucleus and organelles?
Answer
They have no true nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles.
28
Question
What is the typical size range of a Prokaryotic cell?
Answer
Smaller cells measuring between 1 and 10 μm
29
Question
What are the primary characteristics of Eukaryotic cells regarding internal structures?
Answer
They possess a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
30
Question
What is the typical size range of a Eukaryotic cell?
Answer
Larger cells measuring between 10 and 100 μm