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Sociopolitical and Ethical Studies
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Sociopolitical and Ethical Studies
Sociopolitical and Ethical Studies
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1
Question
How does Kahanism define its core ideological goal regarding the state?
Page 1
Answer
Kahanism advocates for a Jewish theocratic and ethnically exclusive state.
2
Question
What is the primary focus of the Lehava movement regarding Jewish identity?
Page 1
Answer
Lehava focuses on preserving Jewish identity by combating assimilation and promoting social exclusion through grassroots activism.
3
Question
How do Kahanism and Lehava differ in their theoretical justification of violence?
Page 1
Answer
Kahanism justifies violence theoretically as national defense, while Lehava practices violence instrumentally in reality for street-level intimidation.
4
Question
What does Stage 5 of Pfahl-Traughber's Extremism Model represent in the context of Otzma Yehudit?
Page 2
Answer
Stage 5 indicates anti-democratic extremism that is rhetorical and anti-systemic, involving exclusionary programs but not necessarily active violence.
5
Question
How is 'Loyalty Discourse' used in the communication of Otzma Yehudit?
Page 2
Answer
Otzma Yehudit uses loyalty discourse to frame citizenship as conditional, requiring Arabs to prove their loyalty to receive rights.
6
Question
What is the 'Gaza Doctrine' as described in the context of Otzma Yehudit?
Page 3
Answer
The Gaza doctrine argues that Israel must be a theocratic state where war is a religious necessity to preserve the figure of God.
7
Question
What is the primary objective of the EU AI Act?
Page 3
Answer
The EU AI Act establishes a framework to regulate AI to ensure respect for fundamental rights, safety, and trust while fostering innovation.
8
Question
Under the EU AI Act, what are the two criteria that make an AI system 'high-risk' according to Article 6?
Page 4
Answer
An AI system is high-risk if it is intended to be used as a safety component of a regulated product and that product requires a third-party conformity assessment.
9
Question
What are the transparency requirements for chatbots and deepfakes under the EU AI Act?
Page 4
Answer
Chatbot users must be informed they are interacting with AI, and deepfakes must include clear disclaimers or watermarks.
10
Question
What is the official name and primary purpose of the GDPR?
Page 6
Answer
The General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation EU 2016/679) governs personal data protection within the EU to give individuals control over their data.
11
Question
Name and briefly define the six principles of data processing under GDPR.
Page 7
Answer
Lawfulness/fairness/transparency, purpose limitation, data minimization, accuracy, storage limitation, and integrity/confidentiality.
12
Question
What are the six lawful bases for processing personal data under GDPR?
Page 7
Answer
Consent, contractual necessity, legal obligation, vital interests, public interest, and legitimate interests.
13
Question
What does Article 9 of the GDPR regulate regarding personal data?
Page 7
Answer
Article 9 prohibits processing special categories of personal data, such as ethnic origin or health data, unless specific exceptions apply.
14
Question
How did the Italian cinema censorship system change with the Legge Franceschini (Law 220/2016)?
Page 9
Answer
The law shifted Italy from prior administrative censorship (nulla osta) to a classification-based system focused on age protection.
15
Question
What are the four current age-based classifications for films in Italy?
Page 9
Answer
Suitable for all, not recommended for under-6s, forbidden to under-14s, and forbidden to under-18s.
16
Question
Define International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and its core objective.
Page 9
Answer
IHL is a set of rules seeking to limit the effects of armed conflict by protecting non-participants and restricting means of warfare.
17
Question
Name the five cardinal principles of International Humanitarian Law (IHL).
Page 10
Answer
Distinction, proportionality, military necessity, humanity, and precaution.
18
Question
How does IHL classify armed conflicts between states versus conflicts between a state and an armed group?
Page 10
Answer
Conflicts between states are International Armed Conflicts (IAC), while those with armed groups are Non-International Armed Conflicts (NIAC).
19
Question
What status do journalists hold under Additional Protocol I (Art. 79) of the Geneva Conventions?
Page 11
Answer
Journalists on dangerous professional missions are considered civilians and enjoy all civilian protections, provided they do not participate in hostilities.
20
Question
What are the three pillars of the 'Direct Participation in Hostilities' (DPH) test for civilians/journalists?
Page 13
Answer
Threshold of harm, direct causation, and belligerent nexus.
21
Question
How does medical anthropology distinguish between 'disease' and 'illness'?
Page 15
Answer
Disease is the objective, measurable biological pathology; illness is the subjective, culturally interpreted experience of being sick.
22
Question
What are the three core transformations demanded by intercultural medicine?
Page 18
Answer
Shifting from biology to meaning, from monologue to dialogue, and from an event to a process.
23
Question
What are the three foundational assumptions of the 'Western standard model' of informed consent?
Page 16
Answer
Individual autonomy, transparent information, and rational individual decision-making.
24
Question
What is the primary significance of Italy's Law No. 219 of 2017?
Page 18
Answer
It is a landmark framework regulating informed consent and Advance Treatment Directives (DAT) in line with the Constitution.
25
Question
What are the essential characteristics of informed consent under Italian law?
Page 20
Answer
Consent must be personal, specific, explicit/real, current, informed, and revocable.
26
Question
How is the 'Burden of Proof' distributed in medical malpractice cases regarding informed consent?
Page 21
Answer
The patient must prove the damage event and source of right; the physician must prove the proper performance of the informational duty.
27
Question
How is informed consent handled for minors under Italian and international guidelines?
Page 21
Answer
Minors must be informed according to their maturity; significant interventions require joint parental consent, while some cases bypass it.
28
Question
Who is Yama in Hindu cosmology and what does his name imply?
Page 22
Answer
Yama is the lord of death and first mortal; his association with 'Kala' (time) implies that time eventually consumes all of the manifest world.
29
Question
What is the 'Antyesti Samskara' and what does it represent?
Page 22
Answer
Antyesti is the final cremation rite; it represents a sacrificial oblation to return the body to the elements and reconstitute the soul.
30
Question
What is the 'Gaza War 2023-2025' identified as in the context of global journalism?
Page 13
Answer
It is described as a watershed moment and the deadliest conflict for media workers since global tracking began in 1992.