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Early Canadian History and Colonialism
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Early Canadian History and Colonialism
Early Canadian History and Colonialism
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1
Question
What constitutes a primary source of historical information?
Page 3
Answer
Information created by someone who witnessed first-hand or was part of the historical events being described.
2
Question
How is a secondary source of information defined?
Page 4
Answer
Information created later by someone who did not experience first-hand or participate in the events or conditions.
3
Question
Which three First Nations societies were primarily studied in Chapter 1?
Page 5
Answer
The Mi'kmaq, the Haudenosaunee, and the Anishinabe
4
Question
How did the European perspective on land ownership differ from many First Nations?
Page 7
Answer
Europeans viewed land as something to be owned, while many First Nations believed in sharing the land.
5
Question
What time period marks the beginning of permanent contact between European explorers and First Nations?
Page 8
Answer
The late 1400s and early 1500s
6
Question
What is the definition of imperialism as used in the context of European exploration?
Page 10
Answer
A policy or decision by a ruler or government of one territory to dominate other territories.
7
Question
How did the imperialist goals of British colonists differ from those of French colonists?
Page 11
Answer
British colonists wanted land for farms, while French colonists wanted resources such as furs.
8
Question
What were the specific goals given to Jacques Cartier by the king of France in 1534?
Page 13
Answer
To find a passage to Asia through North America and to discover gold and other precious things.
9
Question
Which geographical area did Jacques Cartier claim for France, and what symbolic action did he take there?
Page 14
Answer
He claimed the Gaspe Peninsula and raised a cross to signify the claim.
10
Question
What is Samuel de Champlain specifically known for in the context of Canadian history?
Page 15
Answer
Champlain is known for retracing Cartier's voyages and establishing the colony of New France.
11
Question
How do the historical roles of Cartier and Champlain compare regarding North American settlement?
Page 16
Answer
Cartier searched for passages and riches, while Champlain established the permanent colony of New France.
12
Question
What shift in European activity occurred in North America during the early 1600s?
Page 17
Answer
Europeans shifted from primarily fishing cod to establishing permanent colonies to control resources.
13
Question
What was considered the first permanent European foothold in the lands that became Canada?
Page 18
Answer
New France
14
Question
What is the definition of a colony in an imperial context?
Page 19
Answer
A region claimed and governed by a country from another part of the world.
15
Question
What was the primary economic purpose of a colony for European countries?
Page 20
Answer
To supply the mother country with raw resources to be made into manufactured goods.
16
Question
How was social status determined in the structure of New France?
Page 21
Answer
Status was based on belonging to the ruling class (nobility) or having wealth.
17
Question
What were the three main roles of the Catholic Church in New France?
Page 22
Answer
Providing moral direction, organizing society, and founding hospitals and orphanages.
18
Question
Who were the three members of the Sovereign Council created to rule New France?
Page 23
Answer
The Governor, the Intendant, and the Bishop.
19
Question
What were the primary reasons for establishing royal government in New France in 1663?
Page 24
Answer
To make the colony strong and prosperous and to address threats from the Haudenosaunee and British.
20
Question
When did John Cabot and Samuel Hearne undertake their respective explorations?
Page 25
Answer
Cabot explored in 1497 and 1498; Hearne explored in the 1770s.
21
Question
What were the main differences between New France and the Thirteen Colonies in terms of population and economy?
Page 26
Answer
New France had a small population focused on the fur trade, while the Thirteen Colonies had a large population focused on agriculture.
22
Question
What is the definition of mercantilism?
Page 27
Answer
An economic system in which a government controls and creates a monopoly over trade to build up its economy.
23
Question
By what method did most Aboriginal societies traditionally make decisions?
Page 28
Answer
Through consensus.
24
Question
What was the main topic of Chapter 4 in the social review?
Page 29
Answer
The five phases of the fur trade.
25
Question
Who were the first Europeans to start alliances with First Nations groups like the Ouendat and Mi'kmaq?
Page 30
Answer
The French.
26
Question
To what extent did economic competition shape the fur trade?
Page 31
Answer
Competition led to rivalries between companies and First Nations, the emergence of the Metis, and the westward expansion of the trade.
27
Question
Why did the fur trade eventually begin to decline in North America?
Page 32
Answer
The buffalo disappeared, beaver became scarce, and European demand for furs fell.
28
Question
What was the primary goal of British imperialism in North America?
Page 11
Answer
To acquire land for farms and permanent settlements.
29
Question
What motivated the expansion of the fur trade into Western North America?
Page 32
Answer
Competition between the North West Company (NWC) and the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC).
30
Question
What symbolic action did Cartier take in 1534 to claim land for France?
Page 14
Answer
He raised a cross on the Gaspe Peninsula.