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Unit 12 Complete Review Flashcards
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Unit 12 Complete Review Flashcards
Unit 12 Complete Review Flashcards
Study
1
Question
What is one major challenge historians face when studying childhood in the past?
Answer
Children left few written records of their own, so historians often rely on sources created by adults or institutions.
2
Question
How did the spread of schooling change the historical study of childhood?
Answer
It produced more written evidence from and about children, especially in the 19th century.
3
Question
Why is childhood hard to define historically?
Answer
Different societies and time periods drew the line between child and adult differently.
4
Question
Was childhood universal across time and culture?
Answer
No. Childhood changed across cultures, regions, and historical periods.
5
Question
What does Unit 12 argue shaped childhood besides biology and family?
Answer
Broader historical forces such as culture, institutions, labour systems, religion, and the state.
6
Question
Why were infant mortality rates so high in the 18th and 19th centuries?
Answer
Because of disease, poor sanitation, poverty, malnutrition, overcrowding, and weak medical care.
7
Question
About how many infants died before age 1 in 18th-century New France?
Answer
About 1 in 4 infants died before age 1.
8
Question
What proportion of children in 18th-century New France died before age 10?
Answer
Nearly half died before age 10.
9
Question
Did historians agree that high child death rates made parents emotionally distant?
Answer
No. Some evidence suggests delayed attachment, but other evidence shows deep parental grief.
10
Question
What are two examples historians use to suggest delayed attachment to infants?
Answer
Late naming of babies and reusing the names of dead children.
11
Question
What made children especially vulnerable in the past?
Answer
Poverty and subsistence living made childhood especially fragile and dangerous.
12
Question
Did people in pre-Confederation Canada usually marry extremely young?
Answer
No. First marriage often happened in the 20s, and very young marriages were exceptions.
13
Question
What age could mark greater responsibility in New France?
Answer
Around ages 15–16.
14
Question
What was the official age of maturity under the ancien régime?
Answer
25.
15
Question
How long did parental authority often last in New France?
Answer
Well into what we would now call adulthood.
16
Question
How did geography shape childhood differently in Acadia and Canada?
Answer
Acadia had small farming communities with strong extended families, while St. Lawrence settlements were more spread out and kin remained central in different ways.
17
Question
What role did the seigneurial system play in childhood in Canada?
Answer
It helped young adults live near their parents and kept families close.
18
Question
How did parenting in Canada compare to Old France?
Answer
Parenting in Canada became less harsh than in Old France.
19
Question
Were children in New France usually sent away early for apprenticeships?
Answer
No, not usually; this became more common only later when land grew scarce.
20
Question
What changed in the early 19th century as land became scarce?
Answer
More young people had to move away, and the Church and employers gained more influence over them.
21
Question
What role did the Church play in shaping childhood in New France?
Answer
It played a major role in education, morality, and social expectations for children.
22
Question
Where were schools for girls and boys established in the 1600s?
Answer
In Montreal.
23
Question
How did class affect education in New France?
Answer
Wealthier children received better schooling, while poorer children were more likely to learn domestic skills or trades.
24
Question
What happened to literacy in the 18th century in New France?
Answer
Literacy increased for both boys and girls.
25
Question
What was one respected path open to some girls in New France?
Answer
Becoming a nun.
26
Question
Who were the filles du roi?
Answer
Women sent to New France whose arrival encouraged marriages, births, and population growth.
27
Question
How did the arrival of the filles du roi affect childhood history?
Answer
It helped create strong generations of children and contributed to a distinct Canadien culture.
28
Question
How did fur trade society shape childhood in the West?
Answer
It brought together children from very different cultural and family backgrounds.
29
Question
How did traders in the HBC and NWC often handle children’s schooling?
Answer
They often sent children away for education.
30
Question
How were Métis sons and daughters often treated differently in schooling and distance from home?
Answer
Métis sons were more often sent farther away, while daughters more often stayed closer to home.