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Properties and Biological Roles of Metals
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Properties and Biological Roles of Metals
Properties and Biological Roles of Metals
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1
Question
Which specific groups in the periodic table typically contain metals?
Answer
Groups I, II, III, and transition metals.
2
Question
What number of valence electrons do metal atoms typically possess?
Answer
Usually 1, 2, or 3 electrons.
3
Question
How is metallic bonding defined in terms of atomic particles?
Answer
Attraction between cations and delocalized electrons.
4
Question
What physical properties characterize metals regarding thermal and electrical conductivity?
Answer
Excellent conductors of heat and electricity.
5
Question
Define malleability and ductility in the context of metals.
Answer
Malleability: hammered into sheets; Ductility: drawn into wires.
6
Question
How do metal atoms behave during chemical reactions?
Answer
They lose valence electrons to form cations.
7
Question
What is the general word equation for the reaction of a metal with oxygen?
Answer
Metal + oxygen → metal oxide
8
Question
What are the products when a reactive metal reacts with a dilute acid?
Answer
A salt and hydrogen gas.
9
Question
What is the general result when a metal carbonate reacts with an acid?
Answer
Salt, carbon dioxide, and water.
10
Question
Distinguish between macro-minerals and micro-minerals based on human body requirements.
Answer
Macro: >100mg daily; Micro: trace amounts.
11
Question
Why is magnesium critical for plants?
Answer
Chlorophyll formation essential for photosynthesis.
12
Question
What is the function of iron in the human body?
Answer
Hemoglobin formation for oxygen transport.
13
Question
What are the roles of calcium in the human body?
Answer
Building bones/teeth and blood clotting.
14
Question
What are the roles of zinc, sodium, and potassium in the body?
Answer
Zinc: immunity/healing; Na/K: nerve/muscle function.
15
Question
What are the harmful effects of lead exposure?
Answer
Organ/nerve damage and anemia.
16
Question
What disease is associated with mercury exposure?
Answer
Minamata disease (CNS damage).
17
Question
What are the health risks associated with cadmium exposure?
Answer
Respiratory/organ damage and osteoporosis.
18
Question
What are the common properties of non-metals?
Answer
5-8 valence electrons; Groups V-0.
19
Question
Why do elements in Group 0 exist as individual atoms?
Answer
Full valence shell makes them stable.
20
Question
How do physical properties vary among different non-metals?
Answer
Variation is due to different bonding structures.
21
Question
Define the term organometallic compounds as used in biology.
Answer
Biological molecules containing essential metal ions.
22
Question
What happens to the metal lattice when metals are subjected to strong forces?
Answer
Electrostatic bonds maintain the structure's integrity.
23
Question
Name two trace minerals that are recommended in smaller amounts.
Answer
Iron and zinc.
24
Question
What are the four macro-minerals mentioned?
Answer
Calcium, potassium, sodium, and magnesium.
25
Question
Describe the chemical reactivity trend of metals.
Answer
Varies from stable to violently reactive.
26
Question
List two products of the reaction between a metal and water.
Answer
Metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
27
Question
What products result from the reaction of a metal with steam?
Answer
Metal oxide and hydrogen gas.
28
Question
Describe the relationship between arsenic exposure and health.
Answer
Toxic; causes cancer, nerve, and organ damage.
29
Question
Why do metals exhibit a shiny lustre?
Answer
Light interacting with delocalized electrons.
30
Question
Define density in the context of metal physical properties.
Answer
High mass per unit volume.