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Early European Colonial Expansion
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Early European Colonial Expansion
Early European Colonial Expansion
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1
Question
What four factors drove European expansion into the Americas?
Page 1
Answer
Economic ambition, religious conflict, political rivalry, and military power.
2
Question
Where was the likely location of the short-lived Viking settlement known as Vinland?
Page 1
Answer
L’Anse aux Meadows in North America.
3
Question
Why did Spain look west across the Atlantic for expansion instead of following the African route?
Page 1
Answer
Spain was blocked from the African route by Portuguese control.
4
Question
What major historical event shaped Spain into a militarized, strongly Catholic state before 1492?
Page 2
Answer
The completion of the Reconquista.
5
Question
Upon what three factors did the Spanish conquest of the Americas primarily rely?
Page 2
Answer
Military force, alliances with local enemies of Indigenous empires, and disease (especially smallpox).
6
Question
What Spanish labor systems were used to force Indigenous peoples to work under imperial rule?
Page 2
Answer
The encomienda and repartimiento systems.
7
Question
What was the primary economic focus of Portuguese colonization in Brazil?
Page 2
Answer
Sugar production on plantations.
8
Question
Around what year did African slaves increasingly replace Indigenous laborers on Brazilian plantations?
Page 2
Answer
Around 1600.
9
Question
What were the three components of the triangular trade system?
Page 2
Answer
European goods to Africa, enslaved Africans to the Americas, and sugar and other goods back to Europe.
10
Question
Who led the first official Atlantic voyage for England under King Henry VII?
Page 2
Answer
The explorer John Cabot.
11
Question
What specific resource revived French interest in North American colonization?
Page 3
Answer
The fur trade, especially beaver pelts.
12
Question
How did the Dutch use maritime activities to weaken their Iberian rivals?
Page 3
Answer
Through a combination of piracy and trade.
13
Question
How did the Iberian colonial model differ from the English colonial model?
Page 3
Answer
Iberian colonies were centralized and militarized ruling existing societies, while English colonies relied on migration and permanent settlement.
14
Question
Around what years was the first Norse settlement established in Iceland?
Page 4
Answer
Approximately AD 870.
15
Question
What combination of factors led to the disappearance of Norse Greenland by 1500?
Page 4
Answer
Cooling climate, overgrazing, weakened trade, and contact with Inuit peoples.
16
Question
What is the definition of ethnohistory as described in the study of colonial North America?
Page 8
Answer
The study of cultural change using both historical and anthropological methods.
17
Question
What perspective does ethnohistory emphasize to understand colonial North America?
Page 8
Answer
It looks at both Native and European perspectives as cultures that met and adapted.