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Early Colonial North American History
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Early Colonial North American History
Early Colonial North American History
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Question
What four primary factors drove European expansion into the Americas during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
Page 1
Answer
Economic ambition, religious conflict, political rivalry, and military power
Question
Which short-lived North American settlement was established by the Vikings, the first confirmed Europeans to reach the continent?
Page 1
Answer
Vinland (likely located at L’Anse aux Meadows)
Question
What three specific factors did the Spanish rely upon to achieve conquest in the Americas?
Page 2
Answer
Military force, alliances with local enemies of Indigenous empires, and disease (especially smallpox)
Question
How did the labor systems of encomienda and repartimiento function within Spanish America?
Page 2
Answer
They forced Indigenous peoples to work under Spanish rule as part of a system of extraction and control
Question
What were the three legs of the triangular trade system foundational to the Atlantic economy?
Page 2
Answer
European goods to Africa, enslaved Africans to the Americas, and sugar and other goods back to Europe
Question
What were the characteristics of the French colonial model in North America?
Page 3
Answer
Based on alliances, trade (especially beaver pelts), and a network of small settlements
Question
How did the English colonial model differ from the Iberian (Spanish and Portuguese) models?
Page 3
Answer
English colonies depended on migration and permanent settlement, while Iberian colonies were centralized, militarized, and ruled existing Indigenous societies
Question
How does the field of ethnohistory improve the study of colonial North America?
Page 8
Answer
By combining historical and anthropological methods to examine both Native and European perspectives
Question
What environmental and economic pressures led to the disappearance of Norse settlements in Greenland by around \(1500\)?
Page 4
Answer
Cooling climate, overgrazing, weakened trade, and contact with Inuit peoples
Question
What was the primary purpose and activities of the Basques in North America during the 1500s through the 1700s?
Page 6
Answer
Seasonal fishing, whaling (whale-oil production), and trade in the Gulf of St. Lawrence