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Human Respiratory System Anatomy and Function
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Human Respiratory System Anatomy and Function
Human Respiratory System Anatomy and Function
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1
Question
What structures line the tiny passageways in the lungs?
Page 1
Answer
Hairlike structures called cilia.
2
Question
What substance does the lung lining produce to trap particles breathed in?
Page 1
Answer
Sticky mucus.
3
Question
How do cilia help keep the lungs healthy?
Page 1
Answer
They beat in waves to sweep mucus and captured particles out of the lungs.
4
Question
Why are artificial cilia less complex than natural cilia in the body?
Page 1
Answer
No one knows how natural cilia coordinate without nerves; artificial ones have only four parts with magnetic particles.
5
Question
What is the purpose of cilia in the lungs according to the notes?
Page 1
Answer
To sweep sticky mucus trapping dust, bacteria, and particles out of the lungs.
6
Question
Why do scientists look at the natural world for design ideas?
Page 1
Answer
The human body provides complex designs like cilia that inspire precise artificial versions.
7
Question
How often do most fifth graders breathe at rest each minute?
Page 2
Answer
Between 15 and 25 times.
8
Question
How much air does a person breathe in each day?
Page 2
Answer
More than 14,000 L (3,698 gal).
9
Question
Why does every cell in the body need oxygen?
Page 2
Answer
To live, function, and produce energy; without it, no thinking, digesting, blood pumping, or moving.
10
Question
What happens to carbon dioxide produced by cells?
Page 2
Answer
Too much is harmful, so blood carries it out to be exhaled.
11
Question
What type of breathing occurs automatically without thinking?
Page 3
Answer
Involuntary breathing controlled by the brain.
12
Question
What triggers the brain to signal deeper breathing?
Page 3
Answer
Too much carbon dioxide detected.
13
Question
How does exercise affect breathing rate and depth?
Page 3
Answer
Cells need more oxygen, so brain signals faster and deeper breaths.
14
Question
What is your breathing system called according to the quick check?
Page 4
Answer
Respiratory system.
15
Question
Which gas does every cell in your body need according to the quick check?
Page 4
Answer
Oxygen.
16
Question
Which muscles work together to help you breathe according to the quick check?
Page 4
Answer
Diaphragm and chest muscles.
17
Question
What is the diaphragm?
Page 4
Answer
A strong, curved muscle attached below the lungs to lower ribs and backbone, separating chest from abdomen.
18
Question
What happens to rib cage and diaphragm during inhalation?
Page 4
Answer
Diaphragm tightens and moves downward; rib cage moves upward.
19
Question
Why does air enter the lungs during inhalation?
Page 4
Answer
Lung pressure decreases below outside pressure due to expanded volume.
20
Question
What model represents the lungs and diaphragm in the activity?
Page 5
Answer
Small balloon inside bottle as lung; large balloon bottom as diaphragm.
21
Question
What are nostrils?
Page 6
Answer
Two openings in the nose separated by a wall of cartilage and bone.
22
Question
What functions does the nose perform on inhaled air?
Page 6
Answer
Warms, moistens, and filters it using special cells.
23
Question
What produces mucus in the lungs to capture airborne particles?
Page 7
Answer
Lung lining.
24
Question
Where do cilia line in addition to nasal passages?
Page 7
Answer
Most of the respiratory system.
25
Question
What happens to trapped particles swept by cilia to the throat?
Page 7
Answer
You swallow them; stomach acid destroys them.
26
Question
Why is breathing through the nose preferred over the mouth?
Page 7
Answer
Nose cilia protect the respiratory system; mouth cannot.
27
Question
What are sinuses and their functions?
Page 7
Answer
Empty air spaces in bones around nose, lined with mucus membrane; reduce skull weight, amplify sound.
28
Question
What is the pharynx?
Page 8
Answer
Throat where air from nose or mouth enters; splits to trachea or esophagus.
29
Question
What prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?
Page 8
Answer
Epiglottis flap closes automatically over trachea.
30
Question
What is the larynx?
Page 8
Answer
Voice box at top of trachea, made of nine cartilage pieces and muscles; contains vocal cords.