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Anthropology of Religion and Medicine
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Anthropology of Religion and Medicine
Anthropology of Religion and Medicine
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1
Question
What role does a Hofriyat woman play in northern Sudanese Muslim society?
Page 1
Answer
She serves ideally as wife and mother of many sons, prepared socially and physically from youth.
2
Question
What physical modification prepares Hofriyat girls for marriage?
Page 1
Answer
Infibulation, sewing together the feminized external labia after clitoral tissue removal.
3
Question
What causes zar illness according to Hofriyat beliefs?
Page 1
Answer
Zar red jinn spirits possessing women, blamed for infertility, miscarriage, and other physical/mental ailments.
4
Question
How is zar illness treated in Hofriyat culture?
Page 1
Answer
Through zar ritual to appease the foreign spirit, establishing social relations instead of exorcism.
5
Question
Why do religions engage the body and material world despite spiritual focus?
Page 1
Answer
People suffer pain, injury, sickness; anthropologists emphasize cultural construction of illness and treatments.
6
Question
What early surprise in medical anthropology history?
Page 2
Answer
Anthropology was biological/physical science type, with practitioners as biologists/anatomists/physicians.
7
Question
How are magic, medicine, religion entangled culturally?
Page 2
Answer
Cultural domains of magic/religion recognized as inseparable; first paragraph of book discusses.
8
Question
What defines medical anthropology?
Page 3
Answer
Investigates factors influencing health/illness experience, prevention, treatment of sickness, healing processes.
9
Question
How does biomedicine view disease?
Page 3
Answer
As physical cause within body (microorganism, growth, malfunction); alcohol consumption, credentialed bodies.
10
Question
What is ethnomedicine?
Page 3
Answer
Medical institutions and manner people cope with illness/disease from cultural perspective.
11
Question
What example illustrates nonsecular medical anthropology?
Page 5
Answer
Aeta anito healer performs ritual to heal community member with asthma before doctor visit.
12
Question
What occurs in European women's nonsecular tantric retreat?
Page 6
Answer
Three-day retreat with dance, meditation, massage for feminine/sexuality healing.
13
Question
What premise of biomedicine contrasts cultural body views?
Page 6
Answer
Human body as biological machine serviced in isolation from social relations/institutions.
14
Question
What oppositions key to Bolivian Andean health thinking?
Page 7
Answer
Hot/cold and wet/dry blood; hot/dry oxygenated, cold/wet fatty.
15
Question
How do Bolivian shamans restore health?
Page 7
Answer
Feed body complete mountain; rituals with coca, blood, fat at earth shrines.
16
Question
What metaphors shape Chewa body conceptions in Malawi?
Page 8
Answer
Agricultural metaphors; homologies between farm and body.
17
Question
What event marked Polynesian adoption of Christianity?
Page 1
Answer
Iconoclasm: destroying temples, statues, altars during 1810s-1820s.
18
Question
What processes drive religious change?
Page 2
Answer
Innovation (internal invention) and diffusion (external contact, migration).
19
Question
What is syncretism in religious change?
Page 3
Answer
Blending elements from two+ cultural/religious sources, e.g., Rastafarianism, Voodoo.
20
Question
What does 'invention of tradition' mean?
Page 3
Answer
Tradition as verb/process of traditionalization, inserting new into historic past.
21
Question
How does Warlpiri view jukurrpa change?
Page 5
Answer
Always more spiritual truths to learn; new dreams added if from creators.
22
Question
What characterizes New Religious Movements (NRMs)?
Page 7
Answer
Charismatic leader, health/happiness/wealth promises, centralized organization, syncretism/mystery/novelty.
23
Question
Why is 'cult' problematic for NRMs?
Page 7
Answer
Pejorative judgment; no group calls self cult; used for unorthodox/bad religion.
24
Question
What is Falun Dafa (Falun Gong)?
Page 8
Answer
Chinese traditional religion synthesized qigong, Taoism, folk Buddhism; promises health/perfection.
25
Question
What Navajo practice integrates Pentecostalism?
Page 16
Answer
Navajo Pentecostalism uses healing/prayer prominence over salvation; resonant rupture.
26
Question
What defines millenarianism?
Page 16
Answer
Belief in imminent world end/transformation by supernatural forces; sets change in motion.
27
Question
Why use religion for revitalization?
Page 9
Answer
Addresses disconnection/loss in disrupted societies; new communities/ways of life sought.
28
Question
What cultural practices distinguish the Lemba people of southern Africa from their neighbors?
Page 1
Answer
Male circumcision, marriage endogamy, ritual slaughter rules, and prohibitions on eating pork.
29
Question
What genetic evidence supports claims of Jewish ancestry among the Lemba?
Page 1
Answer
Y chromosome DNA testing suggests they share a genetic part with Jews.
30
Question
Why have Christian groups attempted to convert the Lemba despite DNA evidence of Jewish ties?
Page 1
Answer
Lemba practices do not constitute proper Judaism, frustrating Jewish visitors who see them as needing conversion.